A MINI PROJECT ON

INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINER

IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
BY

M.MAMTHA
(11TKIAO494)
K.SWATHI
(11TK1A0483)
D.SUMANTH
Under
the Esteemed guidance of
(11TK1AO4B2)
M.RAJKUMAR
Mr.B.ASHOK (M.Tech)
(11TK1A04A1)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

SCOPE OF THIS PRESENTATION

This presentation gives a analytical approach to design
systems for underground mining and also a brief view on
the parameters to be considered while designing such
systems.
This presentation is based on prototype module designed
for implementing a specific operation and also based under
some typical constraints. so this no way says that this is
what only topology must be followed during designs.
Components used here are typically chosen for a specific
kind of inputs given to the them .and one may choose
other own similar components which opt for their
application

CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
3. HARDWARE COMOPONENTS
4. SOFTWARE USED
5. ADVANTAGES
6. APPLICATIONS
7.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Underground mining is inherently dangerous and its safety

monitoring is a complex, interdisciplinary research area
which spans several decades. In China, almost one third of
the local mine fatalities are caused by inadequate
temperature changes. Therefore, the essential function of

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a computer system with a
dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system, often with real-time computing
constraints.

AIM &OBJECTIVE
The project INTELLIGENT HELMET FOR COAL MINER indicates that
this is a powerful tool to be possessed by a miner for a safe mining .
This prototype module uses two sensors to sense gas and temperature variations
in a coal mine. And these sensors play an important role in alarming miner
about different gases &temperature intensities in a mine

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Buzzer

Max
232

ADC

RS
232

Micro
Controller

MUX

PC

Sensor1

Sensor2

HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Microcontroller(AT89S52)
Power supply
Co-sensor(MQ-2)
Temperature sensor(LM35)
ADC
Buzzers

1.MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a general purpose device, but that is meant to

read data, perform limited calculations on that data and control its
environment based on those calculations.The prime use of a
microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a fixed
program that is stored in ROM and that does not change over the lifetime of
the system
THREE CRITERIA IN CHOOSING A MICROCONTROLLER

1.Meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively
2. Speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O ports and also
size, power consumption ,packaging
3. Availability of software development tools assemblers, debuggers, C compilers,
emulators and technical support.

PIN DESCRIPTION OF THE 8051

GAS SENSOR(MQ-2)
MQ-2 gas sensor has high sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen,
also could
be used to methane and other combustible steam, it is
with low cost and suitable
for different application .

External diagram of Mq-2 gas sensor

FEATURES OF MQ-2 GAS SENSOR

Wide detecting scope
Fast response and high sensitivity
Long life and low cost
Simple drive circuit
High input impedance
Portable gas detector

CONFIGURATION AND WORKING OF MQ-2

When a gas interacts with this sensor, it first ionizes in to its constituents and
is then adsorbed by sensing element. Adsorbtion creates a potential
difference on the element which is conveyed to the processor unit
As per pin configuration of mq-2 connect VCC to 5 V, GND to ground, and
OUT to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The board has two pairs
through-hole pins for the required sensitivity-selecting resistor RL across GND
and OUT. The resistance of RL should be calculated using the datasheet for
your particular gas sensor. The MQ gas sensors have no polarity.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35)
Lm35 is a precision ic temperature sensor with its output
proportional to the temperature (in c). the sensor circuitry is
sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other
processes. with lm35, temperature can be measured more
accurately than with a thermistor. it also possess low self heating
and does not cause more than 0.1 c temperature rise in still air.
The lm35 does not require any external calibration or trimming
and maintains an accuracy of +/-0.4 c at room temperature and
+/- 0.8c over a range of 0 to +100 c another important
characteristic of the lm35dz is that it draws only 60 micro amps
from its supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. the
sensor self-heating causes less than 0.1c

FEATURES OF LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Rated for full 55 to +150c range
Calibrated directly in Celsius (centigrade)
Less than 60ma current drain.
Low self-heating, 0.08c in still air
Low output impedance , 0.1 for 1 ma load
0.5c accuracy guarantable

POWER SUPPLY
230 V AC
50 Hz

12V step down

transformer

Bridge rectifier

Filter(470f)

5v Regulator

5V DC

For giving a input to microcontroller, i.e., external +5v of

voltage we use this power supply, by considering
step_down transformer, rectifier, filter and regulator for
perfect 5v

ADC
An ADC inputs an analog electrical signal such as voltage or current and outputs a
binary number. In block diagram form, it can be represented as is

RESULTS

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Thus in this system can detect concentration of the gas, temperature,
humidity, wind speed and trace the location of miners in underground
mine tunnels. wireless sensor networks applied in monitoring coal mine
security breaks through the traditional methods and ideas, which
improves the practical ability and flexibility of monitoring system
This system not only can monitor all kinds of parameters under the coal
mine, but also can alarm automatically when environment parameters
are abnormal to exceed the limitation, which help improve the level of
monitoring safety production and reduce accident in the coalmine .

SOPFTWARES USED
EMBEDDED C
KEIL SOFTWARE
AT COMMANDS

EXECUTIVES MIGTH MAKE THE FINAL

DECISIONS ABOUT WHAT WOULD BE
PRODUCED.BUT
ENGINEERS
WOULD
PROVIDE MOST OF THE IDEAS FOR NEW
PRODUCTS.SO BE AS AN ENGINEER
FOREEVER