UPQC Basics

Suvra Pattanayak

Shunt Active Power Filter

Compensate load reactive power
Compensate all current related
problems
1. Reactive power Compensation
2. Power factor Improvement
3. Current harmonics compensation

Series Active Power Filter

Act As a controlled volage sources
Compensate all voltage realed
problems
1. Voltage harmonics
2. Voltage Sag & swell
3. Flicker

UPQC & UPFC

A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a device that
is similar in construction to a unified power flow
conditioner (UPFC) .
The UPQC, like a UPFC, employs two voltage source
inverters (VSIs) that are connected to a common dc
energy storage capacitor.
One of these two VSIs is connected in series with the ac
line while the other is connected in shunt with the same
line.
A UPFC is employed in a power transmission system to
perform shunt and series compensation at the same time.
Similarly a UPQC can also perform both the tasks in a
power distribution system..

UPQC & UPFC

However, at this point the similarities in the
operating principles of these two devices end.
Since a power transmission line generally
operates in a balanced, distortion (harmonic)
free environment, a UPFC must only provide
balanced shunt or series compensation.
A power distribution system, on the other
hand, may contain unbalance, distortion and
even dc components. Therefore a UPQC must
operate under this environment while
providing shunt or series compensation

DVR & SSSC

SSSC is a solid-state voltage source inverter,
injects an almost sinusoidal voltage, of variable
magnitude in series with the transmission line.
The injected voltage is almost in quadrature with
the line current.
The applications of the SSSC are
1)To control the power flow,
2) To increase the power transfer limits,
3)To improve the transient stability
4) To dampout power system oscillations
5) To mitigate Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR)

DVR & SSSC

Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) can provide the
most cost effective solution to mitigate voltage
sags and swells by establishing the proper voltage
quality level that is required by customer.
There are many different methods to mitigate
voltage sags and swells, but the use of a DVR is
considered to be the most cost efficient method.
Other than voltage sags and swells compensation,
DVR also has added other features like: line
voltage harmonics compensation, reduction of
transients in voltage and fault current limitations.

Power angle Concept

The voltage sag on the distribution network can be
effectively compensated by reactive as well as the
active power approaches through UPQC.
With the reactive power control approach the loadreactive power can be compensated by certain
percentage along with the voltage sag compensation.
Insuch an approach, the series voltage is injected in
such a way that it maintains the quadrature
relationship with source current,i.e., no active power
involvement.
But this approach is effective only during voltage sag
on the system

Power angle Concept

If we inject a series voltage in such a way, not necessarily
at the quadrature of source current, that it causes a phase
angle difference between the source voltage and load
voltage but without changing the resultant load voltage
magnitude, then a certain amount of reactive as well as
active power would flow through series inverter.
This can be done by proper control of the power angle
difference between the source and load voltage, the series
APF can also help in compensating the load-reactive
power demand without putting extra active power burden
on the source during the normal steady-state operating
condition

Power angle method of

UPQC
The rating of the series inverter of UPQC is generally determined
based on the percentage of maximum amount of voltage sag
that needs to be compensated.
The voltage variation (sag/swell) is a short duration power
quality issue.
Thus, during normal operating conditions, the series inverter of
UPQC is not utilized up to its true capacity.
The concept of PAC of UPQC suggests that the series inverter of
UPQC can support the load reactive power demand if the angle
between source and load voltages is controlled adequately.
This reactive power sharing feature between shunt and series
inverters is achieved without affecting theoverall UPQC rating.
The PAC of UPQC is further extended considering both voltage
sag and swell conditions in .

Power angle method of

UPQC
The advantages of PAC of UPQC over other
methods can be summarized as follows
Better utilization of the series inverter during
the steady-state condition by sharing part of
the load reactive power,
Reduction in the shunt inverter rating,
Simultaneous load reactive power
Voltage/sag compensations using the series
inverter and overall UPQC system loss
reduction.

Power angle method of PVUPQC