LEADERSHIP

Leadership is the managers ability

to influence subordinates to work
towards group goals with
confidence.
Leadership style is the manner and
approach of providing direction,
implementing plans, and motivating
subordinates.

Leadership styles
Autocratic
When a leader makes decisions alone,
conveys the decisions to members and
members work within the scope of those
decisions.
It is when leaders tell their subordinates
what they want to be done and how they
want it accomplished.

Autocratic cont...
Usually used when;
The leader has all the information
to solve the problem
The leader is short on time
Employees are well motivated.
N.B. This should however be used
sparingly.

Democratic
This is consultative decision making
between a leader and subordinates.
The style depends on mutual
understanding between subordinates
and managers.
Normally used when a manager has
part of the information, and
subordinates have other parts.

Laissez Faire
The leader allows subordinates to
make decisions and implement
their plans as they see fit.
S/he however would remain
responsible for their actions.

Laissez Faire
Used when;
subordinates are able to analyze the
situation and determine what needs
to be done and how it has to be done.
one fully trusts and has confidence in
subordinates.
resources are available in excess
subordinates are well motivated...

ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN
ORGANIZATIONS
facilitates internal and external
interaction of an organization.
Guides members towards
management expectations.
Promotes organizational policies.

Ways of communication

Downward
Upward
Lateral
Diagonal

Grapevine communication
This travels parallel to, or even
ahead of official communication.
Rumour intensity is associated with
its importance to the people and
the ambiguity of the facts linked to
it.

Causes of grapevine
Employees rely on grapevine when:
They sense uncertainty, ie, they feel
threatened/insecure
Communication from management is
limited.
There is pending change
There is preferential treatment to certain
employees by managers
They are generally talkative

Benefits of grapevine
communication
Fills in gaps left by formal communication
and provides answers to unaddressed
questions.
Direct and selective method of
communication.
Helps managers know their subordinates
reactions on organizational policies.
Feedback is faster than through formal
channels of communication.

Grapevine
communication cons
It is usually verbal, thus,
untraceable
Based on partial information,
exaggeration and subjectivity.
Can leave immediate superiors
uninformed of their subordinates
actions leading to conflicting orders
and confusion.

Grapevine communication
cons cont...
May hamper an organizations
image as it may carry false negative
information.
May lead to employee hostility
against executives.
Hampers productivity since time
may be spent talking rather than
working.

Grapevine can be spread

through

word of mouth
Internet and intranet
Tele/cell phones
Copying machines
Fax machines

Managing organizational
Grapevine
Supply employees with clear, accurate
and timely information.
Keep formal communication lines open
and the process as short as possible.
Use a variety of communication
methods to reach everyone in the
organization.
Participation by managers in
organizational social activities.