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3G RAN Optimization
Cluster
Preparati
on
RF
Optimisation
and Neighbour
Planning
RF optimisation
New Site Integration
Neighbour plan
optimisation
Signalling
Flows
Drive Test
Analysis
RRC Establishment
RAB Establishment
SHO
ISHO
Inter-System
Working and
Optimisation
3G<>2G Cell
reselection
Neighbour Planning
Handover Process and
compressed mode
3G ISHO service
analysis (AMR and PS)
GSM ISHO Optimisation
Paramete
r
Optimisati
on
Use of Parameters to
optimise network
performance
HSDPA
Optimisati
on
After this module the delegate shall be able to: Understand the different elements required for an
effective drive test program
Understand how all aspects of drive data can be used to
obtain a view of network performance
Differentiate between genuine (RF) and non-genuine
(system) failures
Understand the KPIs that can be obtained
Data Preparation
and Collection
Services to test
KPI definitions
Equipment
Exclusions
Call Patterns
OSS Alarms
Network Stats
Data Analysis
Levels of
Reporting
Failure Type
Breakdown
Post Processing
functionality
KPI Gap Analysis
Trouble
Shooting
Root Cause
Analysis
Corrective
Action
Further data
logging (maybe)
Land Unit
NQMP
FTP
Server
The Scanner measures all SCs, whereas the UE only measures SC signals from
the cells that the system has informed/ordered the UE through the BCH
(neighbour list) or via the measurement control message.
RSCP Active/Monitored Set
Carrier RSSI
Ec/No Active/Monitored Set
UL/DL Data Throughput
The BLER downlink
Pilot BER
Random Access Initial Tx Power
Random Access Preamble Count
Random Access Preamble Step
Random Access Tx Power
SIR target (UE dependent)
UE Tx Power
Call Statistic: AMR, CS and PS data calls
AMR Call
PS Call
GPRS Attach,
PDP Context Activation
FTP Download (1MB file)/FTP Upload (500 KB
file)
PDP Context Deactivation
GPRS Detach
Alternate download and upload with 30 sec
idle time
Session is upload or download
UE in Dual mode (2G/3G)
AMR Statistics
Threshold KPIs
MOC Setup time
MOC CCR
5
99
Event
Call Attempts
Call Setup Success Rate
Call Setup Failure Rate
Failures due to Tool (TSF)
Failures due to Core Problem
Failure ASU (Sync) Problem
Failure due to Low Coverage Levels
Call Setup Success and Setup Time > 5s
Long Setup due to slow cell reselection
Long Setup due to clash with InterRAT reselection
Long Setup due to Unknown (suspect UE)
Long Setup due to Unknown
Average Call Setup Time
Call Completetion Rate
Call Drop Rate
Call Drop Poor 3G Coverage
Call Drop on GSM due to Interference
Overall Call Completion Rate
ISHO Attempt
ISHO Success
ISHO Failed
ISHO Failed cause physical channel failure
sec
%
RAW
Count
132
108
24
10
10
2
2
7
105
3
1
2
105
14
14
0
0
Ratio
81.8%
18.2%
41.7%
41.7%
8.3%
8.3%
6.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.66
97.2%
2.8%
33.3%
66.7%
79.5%
100.0%
0.0%
N/A
END USER
Count
Ratio
122
108
88.5%
14
11.5%
10
2
2
7
0
0
0
0
105
3
1
2
105
14
14
0
0
71.4%
14.3%
14.3%
6.5%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.66
97.2%
2.8%
33.3%
66.7%
86.1%
100.0%
0.0%
N/A
Need to agree
What raw figures will contain
What End User will contain
Other cuts of Data
For internal use
10
Nokia Siemens Networks
Value
4
2
110
55
Unit
sec
sec
kbit/s
kbits
Signalling Statistics
Count
Attach Attempt
155
Attach Success
140
Attach Time more than threshold
5
Attach Time less than threshold
135
Attach Failed
15
Average Attach Setup Time
Activate PDP Context Attempt
124
Activate PDP Context Success
124
Activation Time more than threshold
2
Activation Time less than threshold
123
Activate PDP Context Failed
0
Average PDP Context Activation Time
FTP Download Attempts
51
FTP Download Success
48
FTP Download throughput more than threshold
25
FTP Download throughput less than threshold
23
Average FTP Download Throughput
FTP Upload Attempts
32
FTP Upload Success
30
FTP Upload throughput more than threshold
20
FTP Upload throughput less than threshold
10
Average FTP Upload Throughput
Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio
PDP Context Dropped
4
Deactivate PDP Context Request
121
Deactivate PDP Context Accept
121
Deactivate PDP Context Failure
0
Detach Request
281
Detach Accept
129
Overall Data Session Completion Rate
78
Success rate
RAU Statistics
RAU Attempt
RAU Success
RAU Failed
Count
22
13
9
Success rate
Success rate
Time in System
GSM
UMTS
Seconds
171
16559
90.32%
3.57%
96.43%
9.68%
1.36
100.00%
1.60%
98.40%
0.00%
0.96
94.12%
52.08%
47.92%
107.02
93.75%
66.67%
33.33%
55.53
6.02%
3.23%
100.00%
0.00%
45.91%
62.90%
59.09%
40.91%
50.00%
15.27
N/A
0.00%
N/A
Ratio
1.02%
98.98%
Short calls to
test Call Setup
Success
Long calls to
test Drop call
ratio
Successful call setup means that DL/UL Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting) message is
received by UE.
Call setup delay is measured from L3 messages, starting from RRC Connection
Setup message to DL Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting) message.
A dropped call occurs. The call will be dropped in case RRC connection release (not
normal release) message has been send from RNC to UE.
This is related to PDP context activation. Successfully activated PDP context means
that activate PDP context accept message has been sent from RNC to UE (RRC:
downlink direct transfer (SM:activate PDP context Accept)).
The session setup time is the delay between the time the UE sends the data session
activation request until GPRS attach and PDP context activation has been successfully
completed.
Session drop rate can be defined as the number of successful PDP deactivations
against number of successful PDP activations.
UE
RNC
BTS
CN
Call Setup
Success
Rate
Call Setup Time
UE
RNC
Node B
Call Established
Call Drop
Rate
Call
Duration
WBTS
RNC
CN
RANAP: Common ID
Downlink Direct Transfer: Identity Request
Session
Set-up
Time
Failure Breakdown
Non-genuine failures
Measurement system fault (Collection
Tool or Analysis)
It is beneficial to
categorise call failures
during the analysis
and reporting
Genuine failures
RF issue (Coverage / Interference /
Poor dominance)
Missing neighbour
System issue WBTS
System issue RNC
Core network issue
System
(Unknown )
UE
WBT
S
Iub
Presentation / Author / Date
RNC
Iu
Core NW
Failure Breakdown
RSCP
Signal
above
RSCP
threshold
-80dBm
Call
OK
Call
OK
Call
NOK
Call- (B)
Ec/No
-5dB
Signal above
Ec/No
threshold
- 12dB
- -95dBm
Signal
below
RSCP
threshold
-110dBm
Call
OK
Threshold
Call-(A)
Call
NOK
- 20dB
Discard sample
Time
For internal use
17
Nokia Siemens Networks
Signal
below
Ec/No
threshold
Failure Breakdown
AMR Call Setup Failures
5%
5%
Equipment
0%
Registration Clash
15%
20%
Equipment
0%
Core Network
19%
Registration Clash
19%
Core Network
Fail in 2G
RAN (fixed in next release)
0%
0%
Fail in 2G
RAN (fixed in next release)
0%
0%
RAN (Other)
5%
Missing neighbours
0%
0%
10%
35%
Equipment
Registration Clash
Core Network
Fail in 2G
RAN (fixed in next release)
Site maintenance (TMUK)
RAN (Other)
Missing neighbours
3G RF
slow cell Reselection
site configuration & maintenance (Nokia)
Other
For internal use
18
Nokia Siemens Networks
Missing neighbours
3G RF
0%
3G RF
0%
5%
RAN (Other)
10%
52%
total
1
4
0
1
0
0
2
1
7
3
0
1
%
5.0
20.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
5.0
35.0
15.0
0.0
5.0
total
0
0
0
6
0
16
0
0
3
0
0
6
%
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.4
0.0
51.6
0.0
0.0
9.7
0.0
0.0
19.4
LA Update
Request
Call
attempt
RRC
Release
LA Update
Request
RRC
Connection
for Inter-RAT
cell
reselection
Failure Location
Analyse the
signalling
flow to find
the location
of failure and
potential
cause
UE log may
only capture
some of the
messages
WBT
1. Cell search, BCCHS
DRN
C
SRN
C
CN
Call Setup
Failure Analysis
Process
Start
Best servers
RSCP > -102dBm
No
Missing
Neighbour ?
Yes
Best servers
Ec/No > -12dB
No
Coverage Optimization
No
Dominance Optimization
Yes
No
AICH(ACK) received?
Yes
RRC Connection
Setup received?
No
Yes
No
Report & Finish
(Reason of problem: L1 sync fail)
No
Ye
s
Report & Finish
Check failure cause
(Not radio problem/cell update)
Presentation / Author / Date
Yes
AC optimization (check PrxNoise
& interferer around BTS)
Yes
Report & Finish
(Check failure cause)
RRC Setup
Reject received?
Acquisition Indicator/AICH
RRC: RRC Connection Request/PRACH
NBAP: RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
NBAP: RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
RACH Process
L1 ACK / AICH
Uplink
PreamblePreamble
MS
1
Message part
PowerOffsetLastPreamblePRACHmessa
PRACH_preamble_retrans
# PRACH preambles transmitted during one PRACH cycle without receiving AICH response
RACH_tx_Max
# preamble power ramping cycles that can be done before RACH transmission failure is reported
To increase PRACH_Preamble_retrans
Or
OrPowerRampStepPRACHPreamble
PowerRampStepPRACHPreamble
the UE_P_MAX(24dBm)?
Yes
Is UL Interference
abnormally HIGH?
Yes
Report
Reportthere
theremight
mightbe
bean
aninterfering
interfering
source
Nearby
the
serving
source Nearby the servingcell
cell
No
Change
Changethe
theServing
Servingcell
cellto
tocover
coverthe
theproblem
problemArea
Area
=>
=>UE
UEisistoo
toofar
farto
toreach
reachthe
theserving
servingcell
cell
UE has the appropriate DL/UL coverage but if RNC does not allow to set up the
RRC connection of the requested RAB (Radio Access Bearer), Call setup will
fail.
Admission Control (AC) is involved in RRC connection setup. AC can reject RRC
reject RRC connection Setup due the DL Load, UL load or DL Spreading codes
Marginal Load Area:
If measured UL (PrxTotal) or DL (PtxTotal) load exceeds target
thresholds (PrxTarget and PtxTarget) AC can still admit new RAB to the
cell if a new non-controllable load keeps below target thresholds (in
practice this means that AC can admit only new controllable load RABs
i.e. NRT RABs)
Overload Area:
If measured UL (PrxTotal) or DL (PtxTotal) load exceeds overload
thresholds (PrxTarget + PrxOffset and PtxTarget + PtxOffset) then AC
can't admit more RABs to the cell
C
Call Setup Failure Analysis
CM Service Abort
after CM Service
Request
Good RF conditions
Security Mode
Command-message
not received by UE,
thus the failure is
believed to be at Core
Network.
UE
Node B
MGW
RNC
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer message is sent using acknowledged mode RLC to the CS core
domain. Routing is to be based upon the local P-TMSI
The NAS message is not read by the RNC but is forwarded to the multimedia gateway. The NAS
message includes the IMSI as a UE identity
The SCCP: Connection Request message establishes the connection orientated signalling link in
the same way as it was for the RRC connection phase.This does not reserve any resources for the
AMR call itself.
The Connection Confirm message identifies the RNC with a destination local reference which is the
same as the source reference within the Connection Request message
The Connection Confirm message identifies the CS core with a source local reference
The CS core sends a RANAP: Location Reporting Control message to the RNC requesting
information regarding the location of a particular UE
The Security Mode Command message triggers the start or stop of ciphering and integrity
protection.
30
sec
Cause:
recovery on
timer expiry
For internal use
46
Nokia Siemens Networks
SHO
Failure
Analysis
Yes
SHO Failed
No
ISHO
Failure
Analysis
Yes
ISHO Failed
No
No
Best servers
RSCP > -102dBm
No
Best servers
Ec/No > -12dB
Missing
Neighbour
A
Yes
B
For internal use
48
Nokia Siemens Networks
Investigat
e possible
BTS or
RNC
problem
Presentation / Author / Date
Coverage Optimization
No
Dominance Optimization
Yes
Neighbour list
Optimization
Yes
Check Iur
Inter RNC HO
Yes
Fix SC Clash
Yes
No
SC Clash
C
Yes
DL ASU
received
Yes
No
Load
Optimisation
No
Congestion on
target cell
UE Tx Power Max
No
No
DL Tx Power Max
Check RF Levels
Yes
Yes
Uplink Interference
Yes
Load
Optimisation/
External
Interferer
No
Link Unbalanced
Yes
CPICH Optimisation
Poor
dominance
causes Active
Set update
failures
A
Drop call failures RF issue
DL synchronisation is
lost -> UE has stopped
transmitting
TrChAgg and DL
DPCCH BER high
A
Drop call failures RF issue
Fairly good
CPICH Pilot
EcNo
Transport Channel
BER. Btw UE<>RNC (MAC layer)
Drop to IDLE
No response to UL
Measurement Reports
In the example site had
no alarms, good RF &
BER
Not able to add SC265
to Active Set, next call
on the same cell => no
failure.
Difficult to troubleshoot
if the failure does not
happen systematically
=> follow up in the
next weeks drive / do a
separate
drive test in
For internal
use
54
Nokia Siemens Networks
Presentation / Author / Date
the area
Sudden RRC
Connection
Release
Transport
channel
BLER 100%
D
Drop Call - Uplink Interference
UL interference from the
SIB7 message
D
Drop Call Link Balance
UE RX power control
message: DL
reception weak -> UE
is ordering WBTS to
increase power.
Sum of UL PC
commands < 1500,
UE not receiving all
the PC commands.
Check the site performance from Counters (Iub, Service level, cell resources SHO, etc) and
that site is carrying traffic
PrxNoise, receive link parameters, alarms
SCreuse
UE performance ?
Optimiser
KPI reporting
Final
Call Completion
KPIs
97.9%
2.1%
95.9%
97.6%
Non-genuine
drops removed
98.1%
1.3%
96.8%
97.6%
630
12
618
8
610
Final KPIs
Call Completion
Call SetUp Success Rate
Call Drop Rate
Overall Call Success Rate
Call Connection time <= 8s
98.6%
0.3%
98.2%
97.6%
97.5%
1.3%
96.2%
97.6%
634
16
618
8
610
97.9%
0.3%
97.6%
97.6%
625
13
612
2
610
Non-genuine
call setup
failures
removed
621
9
612
2
610
KPI reporting
Weekly KPI trends (non-genuine failures should be excluded)
All Routes
100%
800
90%
700
80%
600
70%
60%
500
50%
400
40%
300
30%
200
20%
100
10%
0%
KPI reporting
BTS failure chart (call setup failure & drops)
Cumulative number of failures that occurred per site over time
If the UE is spending only a small percentage of time on 3G problems may
not be identified.
Cell_D
Cell_A
CELL_C
CELL_B
Version
Date
RAN04
RAS051_v1.0
Version control
Status
Owner
2006
Base version
Kirsi Tervinen