Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Wulan Anggraeni
(120210153048)
Tri Karuniningtyas
(120210153063)
Sporangium
Sorus
Root structure
Its roots shaped fibers and
in the end there is kaliptra
(root cap).
Ferns
root
tissue
is
composed of epidermal
tissue, cortex and central
cylinder
Stem structure
Ferns stem tissue composed of
epidermis,
cortex
and
central
cylinder. At the center of the
cylinder there is a network carrier
(vascullar bundle), so the ferns
already have a transport vessel
(tracheophyta).
Leaf structure
The leaves of
ferns are also
composed of
epidermal tissues,
mesophyll, and
transport vessels
(vascular bundle)
Leaf based on
function
Tropofil leaf, ie leaf that does not produce
spores, but has a green substance
(chlorophyll), thereby functioning in the
process of photosynthesis or produce
nutrients (glucose). The leaves are often
referred to as a sterile leaves.
Sporofil leaves, ie leaves that produce
spores as a means of reproduction
(reproduction), so it is also called leaf
leaves fertile (fertile).
Sporofil
Tropofil
Spora
Sporofil
Sporofil on ferns exist in the form of
strands and some are forming Strobilus.
Strobilus is a collection of some sporofil
that resembles the shape of a cone.
At the bottom there sporofil sorus, a
collection of small spheres brown box
containing many spores (sporangium). At
sporangium contained cells resembling
cover ring called the annulus.
Lycopsida
Spenopsida
Classificati
on of
Pterydoph
yte
Psilopsida
Pteridopsida
LYCOPSIDA
General Characteristics of
Lycopsida
Lycopsida (Paku
kawat / paku rambat)
Example :
> Lycopodium sp.(paku kawat),
as ornamental plant.
> Lycopodium clavatum, as
drugs materials.
: Plantae
: Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom
: Streptophyta
Division
: Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class
Subclass
Order
Family
: Lycopodiopsida
:Lycopodiidae
: Lycopodiales
: Lycopodiaceae
Genus
Species
obscurum
:
:
Lycopodium
Lycopodium
Family Lycopodiaceae
>> characteristic :
1.Leave without ligules
2.Sporophylls and foliage may be
Life cycle of
Lycopodium
Lycopodium clubmoss
Lycopodium squarossum
Lycopodium phlegmaria
Order
Selaginellales
>> Charactheristic :
1.Each foliage leaf with a ligule
at the base on adaxial sida
2.Sporophytes is heterosporous
Selaginella sp.
Family Selaginellaceae
>> charactheristic :
1.Stem herbaceous and dorsiventral or
erect
2.Gametophytes extremely reduce
3.In Selaginella, types of spores are
produced there are 2 kinds, namely
microspore and megaspore.
4.The microspores will develop into
male gametophyte, being megaspore
will develop into female gametophyte.
>> Example: Selaginella sp.
Classification Of
Selaginella laxifolia
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Lycopodiopsida
Subclass : Lycopodiidae
Order : Selaginellales
Family : Selaginellaceae
Genus : Selaginella
Species : Selaginella laxifolia
microspores
sporophylls
megaspores
Selaginella Morphology
Structure
Arrangement of
leaf
Adaxial surface of
leaf
And
Ligule of Selaginella
Megasporophyll and
Microsporophyll
Megaspore and
microspore
Megasporangium of
Selaginella
Microsporangium of
Selaginella
Selaginella pallescens
Selaginella helvetica
Selaginella braunii
Selaginella kraussiana
Selaginella flabellata
Order Isoetales
1. Herbaceous sporophytes with a
massive rhizomorph at the bae of
the stem
2. Leaves microphyllous and ligulate
3. Sporophytes is heterosporous
4. Sporophylls may or may not be
grouped in strobili
5. Antherozoids multiflagellate
Family Isoetaceae
Family Isoetaceae
Family Isoetaceae
1.Stem corm-like
2.Sporophylls bearing sporangia on adaxial
face, not grouped in strobili
>> Example : Isoetes georgiana
Life cycle of
Isoetes
PSILOPSIDA
General Characteristics of
Pilopsida
>> Characteristic ::
1. The leaves is mikrofil size (enation).
2. The branching stem is Dichotomous, and have
function in photosynthesis.
3. Sporangia are borne in triads (synangium) on very
short stalks in axil of scaly appendages or foliage
leaves (bifid), mostly towards the tip of the aerial
branches.
4. The spores produced by a synangium with 3 lobus.
5. The spore form is homospore
6. The root is rhizome form, that can do symbiosis
with fungi ( Micoriza).
Example: Psilotum nudum
Mikrofil
Order Psilotales
>> General characteristic ::
1.Sporophyte dichotomously branched
2.Sporangia generally borne singly
3.Stele protostele to actinostele
4.Eusporangiate and homosporous
>> Characteristic of Family
Psilotaceae ::
5.Axis branched
6.Scale leaves small and minute
Example: Psilotum
Life
cycle of
Psilotum
SPENOPSIDA
General Characteristics
of Spenopsida
>> Penopsida or Ekor Kuda Fern
Characteristic ::
1. Living in sub-tropical regions, especially in
the swamp.
2. Spores produced by Strobilus.
3. Leaves microphullous, small, scaly and
arranged in whorls at the nodes
4. Stem branced, articulated, ridged and
furrowed with distinct nodes and
internodes
5. Having a rhizome with erect branches
6. In the trunk there are many air spaces
7. In the trunk there are books written by the
leaves that resemble scales
Equisetum palustre
Order
Equisetales
>> Characteristic :
1.Stem branched, branches
in transverse whorls
2.Internodes alternate with
one another
3.Vascular
cylinder
siphonostele, endarch
Family Equisetaceae
>> Characteristic :
1. No secondary growth
2. Monosporous
3. Sporangia borne on sporangiophores which form
a compact cone
4. Having a rhizome with erect branches
5. In the trunk there are many air spaces
6. In the trunk there are books written by the leaves
that resemble scales
7. Rod serves as a venue for photosynthesis
8. Outer epidermal stem cells containing grit
9. In the trunk there are three kinds of channels,
there are
- Center channel are in the middle of the stem,
but the stems are still young this channel has
not been found
- Karinal channel located on the inside of the
vascular bundles
- Valekular channel which is located in the outer
Equisetum palustre
Classification Of
Equisetum palustre
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Equisetopsida
Subclass : Equisetidae
Order : Equisetales
Family :Equisetaceae
Genus : Equisetum
Species : Equisetum palustre
Source : ITIS, 2014
Equisetum
spore
Spores located in the sporangium
Sporangium located in Strobilus (set
sporofil)
Spores
have
walls
consisting
of
endosporangium and eksosporangium
Sporangium outermost layer consists of
two parallel bands (heptera) which binds
wet spores contained in the sporangium
Life cycle
of
Equisetu
m
Example of Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense
Equisetum fluviatile
Equisetum sylvaticum
Equisetum fluviatile
Equisetum sylvaticum
Pteridopsida or True
fern
General Characteristics of
Pteridopsida True Fern (Paku
Sejati)
>> characteristic :
1. Vascular cylinder siphonostelic, with leaf
gaps
2. Leaves megaphyllous, compound with
rachis
3. Leaves bear sporangia in sori
4. Gametophytes small, green and free-living
5. Young leaves growing roll (circinatus)
>> Example: Pteris, Adiantum cuneatum,
Semanggi (Marsilea crenata).
Circinatus
PART OF TRUE
FERN
Eusporangiatae
1.Sporangium develops from a group
of initials (eusporangiate
development)
2.Sporangial jacket more than one
cell in thickness
3.Large number of spores within
sporangium
4.Sporangia borne in spike or sori
situated on the abaxial surface of
the leaf.
Order Ophioglossales
>> Characteristic ::
Sporangia borne on a special structure called spike. It projects
adaxially from a leaf and near the junction of blade and petiole.
>> Family Ophioglossaceae characteristics
Single family, the characters is same as the order
Example: Ophioglossum
Classification of
Ophioglossum azoricum
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Psilotopsida
Subclass : Ophioglossidae
Order : Ophioglossales
Family : Ophioglossaceae
Genus : Ophioglossum
Species : Ophioglossum azoricum
Order Marattiales
>> Characteristic Ordo :
1.Young leaves with circinate vernation
2.Leaves with fleshy stipules
>> Family Angiopteridaceae characteristic :
3.Sporangia almost free
4.Sporangia linear in two rows on both the
sides of veins
>> Example: Angiopteris
Leptosporangiat
ae
1.Sporangium develops from
a single initial cell
(leptosporangiatae
development)
2.Sporangial jacket one cell
in thickness
3.Definite number of spores
Order Filicales
>> Ordo characteristic :
the spora is Homosporous
>> Family Adiantaceae characteristic :
1.Sori apparently marginal but
superficial in origin
2.Indusial oblong or linear, usually
many and distinct
3.Leaflet margins bearing sori sharply
reflexed
>> Example: Adiantum
Adiantum sp.
Classification Of Adiantum
caudatum
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae
Infrakingdom: Streptophyta
Division : Tracheophyta
Subdivision : Pteridophytina
Class : Polypodiopsida
Subclass : Polypodiidae
Order : Polypodiales
Family : Pteridaceae
Genus : Adiantum
Species : Adiantum caudatum
Family Polypodiaceae
1.Annulus vertical
2.Each sporangium with 32
to 64 spores
Example: Dryopteris,
lastraea,
Nephrolepis, Polypodium,
Pteridium
Order Marileales
1. Members heterosporous
2. Sporangia formed within
sporocarp
Family Marsileaceae
3. Members aquatic
4. Sorus of gradate type, each
producing both the types of
sporangia
5. Leaf circinately coile in bud
condition
Example: Marsilea
Order Salvaniales
1. Members heterosporous
2. Sporangia produced within
sporacarps
3. Sporacarps contains either a
single megasporangia
4. The wall of the sporocarp is a
modification of an idusium
Family Salviniaceae
5. Sporocarps globose or ovoid,
all of them of the same size
Example: Salvinia
Family Azollaceae
1.Sporocarps of two types,
one larger and malemicrosporocarp and the
other smaller and
female-megasporocarp.
Example: Azolla
Indusium (2N)
Spora
(1N)
Sporangiu
m (2N)
Life
Cycle Of
True fern
Salvinia natans
Salvinia cucullata
Azolla caroliniata
Azolla pinnata
Salvinia Minima
Salvinia
molesta
Wassalamualaikum
wr.wb.