Building Services

Engineering
by Manoj Mawle

Building Services
Its a need for any structure to keep healthy
environment effect on inside and outside
of structure.
Building services engineers are responsible
for the design, installation, operation and
monitoring of the mechanical, electrical
and public health systems required for the
safe, comfortable and environmentally
friendly operation of modern buildings.

Type of Structures

Residential (Township)
Commercial
Hotel
Hospital
Airport, Railways
Mixed Development
Arenas
Malls
School, Colleges & Universities
Building Services-Electrical

Necessity of Building Services

Can you imagine a building without MEP

services?

Mechanical
Electrical
Public Health Services

Project Procedure

Understanding Project Requirement

Conceptual planning, Designing
Project Planning
Budgeting, Costing & Estimation
Contracts
Project Execution
Testing & Commissioning
Billing
Project Closure
Building Services-Electrical

Specifications & Regulations

National Building Code (NBC-India)

Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai)
IS Code
British Standard
National Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or
National Electrical Code(NEC)-USA
National Electrical Manufacturing Association
(NEMA-USA)
Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore)
Electrical Research and Development Association
(ERDA-Vadodara)
Building Services-Electrical

Building Services-Electrical

Power Sub Station

HT Panel
LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB)
Power & Control Cabling
Small Power
Emergency Power Supply-DG/UPS
Lighting system
Earthing System
Building Services-Electrical

Extra Low Voltage Services

CCTV
Telephone
Fire Alarm System
Public Address System
Access Control System
Lighting Control System
Server & Data System

Type of Drawings

Single line diagram(SLD)

Schematics
Wiring diagram
Control layout
Section Drawing
Co-ordination layout

Power Sub Station

Load Calculations
Transformer Type-Dry/Oil
HT/LT panels

Load
Rural
Municipal
Cable Sizing Voltage
Level
up to 100
240/415V
up to 187 KVA
MSEB Norms
KVA
11/22KV

100-1500
KVA

187-1500 KVA

22KV

1500-3000
KVA

1500-3000 KVA

33KV

1500-5000
KVA

1500-5000 KVA

132/220KV

5000+ KVA

5000+ KVA

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Load Calculations
ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT)

Unit load of a flat

Type of load

Per flat Qty

UoM

KW/Unit

Unit

Total
Connected
Load

Unit

Diversity
factor

Maximum
Demand

Unit

Lights

Nos

0.06

KW

0.54

KW

66%

0.36

KW

Ceiling / Exhaust Fans

Nos

0.08

KW

0.32

KW

66%

0.21

KW

5 amp Sockets

Nos

0.1

KW

0.6

KW

50%

0.30

KW

15 amp for Refrigerator

Nos

0.425

KW

0.425

KW

66%

0.28

KW

6A Mixer/Iron etc

Nos

KW

KW

50%

1.50

KW

Air conditioner

Nos

KW

KW

50%

0.00

KW

Geysers

Nos

KW

KW

50%

1.00

KW

3.65

KW

Say

4.00

KW

Unit load of a Block

Building
Services-Electrical

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Power Flow Diagram

HT Panel

DG Set

Distribution Xmer

LT Panel/DG Panel

Building Services-Electrical

PDB

LDB

SMDB

MDB

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Transformer
Selection of Transformer
Total Load
Dry or liquid(oil) filled
Indoor/Outdoor
Star/Delta Type( Vector Group)
Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage
Level
Mounting-Pole/Base

Transformer Calculations
Transformer sizing
Total Connected load = 185.85 kW
Max. demand
= 185.85 x 0.9(load
factor)
= 167.27
Transformer Cap.
= 167.27/(pf x eff )
=167.27/
(0.85x0.85)
=231.51 kVA
Considering 85% loading of Xmer =
231.51/0.8

Diesel Generator(DG Set)

A. Categorize into
1. Continues load
2. Non continues load
3. Intermediate load
B. Selection Consideration

Diesel Generator
Selection Consideration
Capacity Combination
Load pattern & DG set capacityOverlaod
a) 10% overload for 1hour of every
12 hours
b) 50% overload for 15 seconds.
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet

Technical Comparison for DG set

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Wires
Wire-Its a single conductor, could be
stranded but not insulated between
conductor
Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided
Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant)
FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke)
FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen)
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Cable
Cable- insulated conductor, could be
single, multiple conductor
Types- Power Cable- PVC/XLPEArmoured/Unarmoured
Twisted Pair Cable-Telephone/Network
Two pair/Multi pair Fiber optics- Data/Communication
RG cable-for CCTV
Co-axial Cable- TV
Building Services-Electrical

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Lighting

Type of lighting
Illumination
Lux Level
Types of Light fixtures
Lighting Control
Emergency Lighting

Building Services-Electrical

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Type of lighting

Natural light
Indoor Lighting
Outdoor lighting
Task Lighting
Faade lighting
Direct/Indirect Lighting

Building Services-Electrical

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Illumination
Illuminance is a measure of how
muchluminous fluxis spread over a
given area. One can think of
luminous flux (measured inlumens)
as a measure of the total "amount"
of visible light present, and the
illuminance as a measure of the
intensity of illumination on a surface
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Lux Level
Thelux(symbol:lx) is theSIunit
ofilluminanceandluminous emittance,
measuringluminous fluxper unit area.It is equal to
one lumenper square metre.
Lux Level
Moonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 Lux
Moonless clear night sky 0.002 Lux
Full moon 0.27-1 Lux
Street Light 39 Lux (Avg)
Living room 250 Lux
Office 350-400 Lux
Day light/Sun light 10000-25000 Lux
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Light Fixture
Luminaire = Lighting fixture
Lamps
Lamp sockets
Ballasts
Reflective material
Lenses, refractors, louvers
Housing

Mounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface,

Flush, Concealed
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Fixture Types

Incandescent
Fluorescent
CFL(Compact Fluorescent Light)
Light Emitting Diode
High Intensity Discharge

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Types of Lighting Controls

Occupancy Sensors
Bi-level Switching
Time Clock
Photo Sensors
Dimmers
Lighting Control Systems
Building Management Systems

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Color Temperature (K)

A measure of the warmth or coolness of a
light source.
3200K = warm or red side of spectrum
4000K = cool or blue side of spectrum
3500K = neutral
5000K = Daylight

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Thank You
Manoj Mawle
manojmawle@gmail.com

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