ADAPTASI BIOTA LAUT

Frida Purwanti

DEFINITION
An adaptation is a physical, physiological or
behavioral characteristic that has developed to
allow an organism to better survive in its
environment
Adaptations are the result of evolution, and may
occur when a gene mutates, or changes by
accident
That mutation causes the organism to better
survive and reproduce, and it passes on that trait
to its offspring. It can take many generations to
develop an adaptation

ADAPTATIONS FORM

Structural
eq. thick, impermeable shells to reduce
water loss and radiation effects

Behavioural
eq. seeking small crevices for shelter to
reduce the drying effects of the wind
Physiological
eq. an ability to lower metabolic rates during
exposed periods to minimise oxygen
consumption

TASK 1
In group of 3
1. find another examples for each
form
2. find another examples to some
environmental factors

Bentuk mulut & gigi ikan

Bentuk ekor
- Tube worm msk kedalam tube
- Ikan paus mengambil oksigen ke permk
- Kamuflase
- Banyak minum air
- Mengembungkan badan

Throughout the oceans, marine organisms must

deal with several things :

Regulating salt intake

Obtaining oxygen
Adapting to water pressure
Dealing with wind, waves and changing
temperatures
Getting enough light

ADAPTASI TERHADAP
LINGKUNGAN BERKADAR GARAM TINGGI
Pada hewan dan tumbuhan tingkat rendah tekanan
osmosisnya kurang lebih = tekanan osmosis air laut sehingga
tidak terlalu mengalami kesulitan untuk beradaptasi
Pada hewan tingat tinggi, seperti ikan yang mempunyai
tekanan osmosis jauh lebih rendah daripada tekanan
osmosis air laut
Cara adaptasi :

banyak minum
air masuk ke jaringan secara osmosis melalui usus
sedikit mengeluarkan urine
pengeluaran air terjadi secara osmosis
garam-garam dikeluarkan secara aktif melalui insang

FISH ADAPTATIONS
Gills take oxygen out of the water so that the fish
can "breathe" underwater. (Many other marine
organisms, like shrimp and sea slugs also have
gills.)
Most fish have a streamlined shape as well as a
tail and fins to help them move easily and quickly
through the water
A swim bladder (or the liver) helps the fish control
its buoyancy and stay at a certain depth

MARINE MAMMALS
Mammals do not have gills and cannot breathe
underwater; however, they can hold their breath for
long periods of time. Some seals can hold their
breath for 45 minutes and some whales can hold
their breath for over an hour
Most marine mammals have either tails or webbed
feet and their "arms" have evolved into flippers.
Their bodies also have a streamlined shape
Mammals are warm-blooded and need insulation to
keep their body temperature from dropping. They
have either a thick layer of blubber (fat) or very thick
fur

COMMON ADAPTATION OF INTERTIDAL

ORGANISMS

Larger shell volume allows more water storage to

allows some species to resist desiccation longer
Mussels close up when the tide goes down
Limpet & chiton clamp down to avoid desiccation
Crabs store water in gill chambers and can move
to concealed areas or into the water if necessary
Anemones close up & secrete mucous
Echinoderms move into tide pools

SOME SPECIALIZED ADAPTATIONS

1. Camouflage
2. Venom or poison, stinging cells
3. Armor
4. Specialized Appendages: fins, tentacles,
claws, etc
5. Symbiotic relationships in which both
organisms benefit

1. CAMOUFLAGE

Many ocean organisms use camouflage to

ambush prey or to hide from predators

2. VENOM OR POISON, STINGING CELLS

Jellyfish have tentacles that hang down

from its bell. The tentacles contain stinging
cells called nematocysts that stun or
paralyze prey

3. ARMOR
The Reef Lobster's
hard shell protects it

The Porcupine fish puffs up

and sharp spines stick out
when it is disturbed or
frightened

4. SPECIALIZED APPENDAGES

The graceful Eagle Ray has elongated

fins that act like wings helping it to glide
and "fly" through the water

5. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
In symbiotic relationships, each organism benefits
from the other
The benefit can be protection from predators, the
removal of parasites or diseased tissue or can be
a source of food for one or both organisms

TASK

Cari contoh lain & keuntungan yg

didapat dari siombiosis biota laut