TITLE OF THE PROJECT:AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING

AIM OF THE PROJECT:- TO STUDY

ABOUT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
OF AN AUTOMOBILE

PRESENTED BY:INAMUL HASAN

BOP/10/AU/012
JOHIRUL ISLAM TALUKDAR
BOP/10/AU/014
NITUL DAS
BOP/10/AU/023

INTRODUCTION:In 1939 Packard marketed the first mechanical automotive air

conditioning system which worked on a closed cycle. The system
used a compressor, condenser, receiver drier and evaporator to
operate the system. The only system control was a blower switch.
The major problem with the system was that the compressor
operated continuously and had to help the belt removed to
disengage the system which was generally during the winter
months. Over the period 1940-41 a number of manufacturers
made vehicles with air conditioning system but this were in small
volume and not designed for the masses. In 1954-55 Nash
kalvinator introduced air conditioning for the mass market. It was
an air conditioning unit that was compact and affordable with
controls on the dash and an electric clutch.
Due to varying condition of heating, ventilating, cooling and
dehumidification in the atmosphere at various places, the air
conditioning of automobiles is very essential. To maintain human
comfort and improve internal atmosphere in an enclosed space,
proper control of freshness temperature, humidity and
cleanliness of the air is required.

AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

MAIN COMPONENTS:-

1. COMPRESSOR
2. CONDENSER
3. MEGNETIC CLUTCH
4. ACCUMULATOR

/RECEIVER DRYER
5. EXPANSION VALVE
6. EVAPORATOR

COMPRESSOR:This is a heart of air conditioning

system . The function of the
compressor is compress and
calculate superheated refrigerant
vapour around a closed loop
system.
The compressor is driven by engine
driven pulley system . At the front
of the compressor is a magnetic
clutch which when given power
engages the compressor.
The
compressor draws in refrigerant
vapour from the suction side which
is the outlet of the accumulator or
the outlet of the evaporator .
Any liquid or dirt allow to enter the
compressor will cause damage.

COMPRESS
OR

CONDENSER:The function of condenser is to

act as a heat exchanger to
dispel the heat energy contained
in superheated the refrigerant.
Condenser is basically a fin-andtube radiator , usually placed in
front of cars radiator . The
condenser receives heated and
compressed refrigerant vapour
from the compressor and is
cooled by the air passing across
the condenser. The refrigerant is
now in the form of a high
pressure liquid which is fed to
the receiver drier unit.

CONDENSER

MEGNETIC CLUTCH:The
electrically
controlled
magnetic clutch is housed in
pulley assembly and the system
selector switch controlling the
clutch operation is mounted on the
control panel inside the passenger
compartment. In the off or on vent
position , the compressor and its
clutch are off. In other four
positions of the selector switch the
clutch is engaged or disengaged
depending upon the condenser
remain open and the compressor
cannot be operated.
MEGNETIC CLUTCH

ACCUMULATOR :The accumulator is fitted between

the evaporator and the
compressor. The function of the
accumulator To ensure that the refrigerant
leaves the accumulator as a
vapour and not a liquid state for
the compressor to induce.
To ensure it is free from dart, to
stop any excessive wear
premature failure to components.
To act as a temporary reservoir to
supply the system under varying
load condition.
ACCUMULATOR

EXPANSION VALVE:The refrigerant goes from the

receiver-drier to the expansion valve
where a sudden expansion to a much
lower pressure occurs. The expansion
valve is operated by opposing
pressures on either side of the
diaphragm. If the evaporator outlet
temperature is higher the refrigerant
expands and exerts more pressure
against the diaphragm, there by,
providing a greater opening to the
expansion valve and hence, a greater
flow of refrigerant into the refrigerant
into the evaporator
for increased
cooling. When the outlet temperature
of the evaporator is low, the
expansion valve starts closing

EXPANSION VALVE

EVAPORATOR:The evaporator is another

little radiator that does
just the opposite task as
the condenser . As the
super-cool liquid is passed
through its tubes, air is
forced through and gets
really cold, right before it
hits face. As it warms up
again, the refrigerant
starts turning back into a
gas.
EVAPORATOR

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM:In order to control the function and operation

of a unit, there are four basic cycles and
mechanical systems used. This systems are as
followsA.
B.
C.
D.

Low side pressure control

Pressure operated by-pass
Solenoid operated by-pass
Electromagnetic clutch

LOW SIDE PRESSURE

CONTROL:In this system, an evaporator pressure controlled regulator
valve is installed in the suction line. A constant pressure is
kept in the evaporator by this valve. If the evaporator tends
to go below a certain setting while holding the evaporator at
constant pressure and temperature the valve would close.
This pressure control prevents the compressor from a
producing a high vacuum at high speeds causing the
compressor to loss its oil. A system with an automatic
expansion valve having small bleeder hole in the orifice is
used to overcome this problem. To prevent a high vacuum
from forming, a small amount of refrigerant enters the
suction line. In this system, the compressor is run
continuously.

PRESSURE OPERATED BY-PASS:In this system the pressure operated bypass valve
is
connected
between
the
compressor
discharge(high side) and compressor low side or
suction line. When the pressure difference reaches
the valve setting, the valve is set to open and
bypass hot vapour from the high side to the low
side. The valve will close or open if the suction, line
pressure decreases or increases respectively. To
maintain a certain pressure in the evaporator, hot
gas(vapour) is fed into the low pressure side. In this
system, a continuously operated compressor is
used.

SOLEOID OPERATED BYPASS:In order to open a solenoid valve and bypass the hot gas from
the high pressure side to the low pressure side when the
temperature of the evaporator falls to 0C, a thermostat
mounted on the evaporator is used. It is located in the return air
flow with the sensing bulb. When the return air temperature is
lowered, so that the thermostat is at the temperature of 0C, the
solenoid valve opens to allow hot gas from the condenser to
bypass back into the suction line. This valve does not provide
the throttling effect of a pressure operated valve since it is either
closed or wide opened. In this system either a continuous
operating compressor or a rotary compressor is used. When the
circuit is closed or when the current is on, the solenoid is in a
closed position. When the circuit is open, the valve also opens.
Hence the thermostat opens on temperature drop.

ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH:In certain automobiles air-conditioning systems a

mechanism permitting the engine to run without the
compressor running is used. To engage the
compressor belt pulley to the compressor crankshaft
or the disengage it a clutch is used. This clutch
operated by electromagnetism by forcing the clutch
disk against the pulley is known as magnetic clutch.
Two types of magnetic clutches used are- revolving
magnetic coil and stationary magnetic coil.

Theory
Refrigerant
Air condition cycle

WORKING:-