Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FALL 2010-11
The Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics
by
Assoc. Prof. Sami Fethi
Decision Sciences
Mathematical Economics
Econometrics
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Application of economic theory
and decision science tools to solve
managerial decision problems
OPTIMAL SOLUTION TO
MANAGERIAL DECISION PROBLEMS
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Case of Hospital:
Economic Theory:
Microeconomics:
Macroeconomics:
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Internalizes
costs.
Primary goal is to maximize the wealth or value of the firm.
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Decision Sciences
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Example:
Economic theory postulates that the quantity demanded
(Q) of a commodity is a function of the price the
commodity (P), the income of consumers (Y), and the
price of related (i.e. complementary and substitute)
commodities (PC and PS) respectively. So we may
postulate the following formal model:
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Cont..
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1
2
n
t
(1 r ) (1 r )
(1 r )
(1
r
)
t 1
n
t
TRt TCt
Value of Firm
t
t
(1
r
)
(1
r
)
t 1
t 1
n
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Alternative Theories
Sales maximization
Adequate
rate of profit
problem
Satisficing behavior
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Alternative Theories
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Sales Maximization
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Satisficing behavior
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Definitions of Profit
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Theories of Profit
Risk-Bearing Theories of Profit
Frictional Theory of Profit
- Profit stems from disturbances from long-run equilimrium
-Normal return adjusted for risk or zero profit
- Energy crises in 1970s-large profit by providing insulation materials
- Decline in oil prices in mid 1980s- losses are incurred
Monopoly Theory of Profit
Innovation Theory of Profit
- Profit is the reward for the introduction of a successful innovation
- e.g Steven Job, the founder of the Apple comp. Company became a
millonaire in 1977
- successful innovation encourage the flow of technology as well as profit
Managerial Efficiency Theory of Profit
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Function of Profit
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Business Ethics
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Technological Change
Telecommunications Advances
The Internet and the World Wide Web
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Example for the trade-off between profit and costs -Value of the firm
(a) Expenses is the explicit costs- the expenses are $ 10,000 for supplies, $
35,000 for salaries, $ 8,000 for rent, and $ 2,000 for utilities as well as
interest $ 5,000 total amout is $ 60,000.
(b) The Implicit costs are the entrepreneeurs foregone salary- $ 30,000.
(c) the business profit= total revenues - the explicit costs = $ 100,000 - $
60,000= $ 40,000
(d) the Economic profit= total revenues (the explicit costs + Implicit costs) =
100,000 ($ 60,000 + $ 30,000) = $ 10,000
(e) normal return on investment = The Implicit costs =$ 30,000.
(f) PV=10,000/1+0.10)....or roughly we can say that The person would earn
economic profit $ 10,000 per year, therefore, the person should open the
store..
PV
(1 r )1
(1 r ) 2
(1 r ) n
t 1
(1 r )t
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The End
Thanks
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