OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1

OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP
Indoor Distribution
System Design
ISSUE 1.1
Wireless Curriculum Development Section
Objectives
To introduce an general Idea on Design

Process for Indoor Distribution System
To provide Some typical solutions for

indoor distribution system
To know how to select equipment type
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Outline
Introduction
Indoor Coverage Scenarios
Design Process for Indoor Distribution System
Equipment Type Selection
Some Typical Solutions
List of Materials & Cost Estimation
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Why We need indoor Distribution System?

Coverage Problems
Outdoor macro cell cannot satisfy indoor coverage
High penetration loss
RSCP ( less than -95dBm )
Jumeira Beach Hotel
Burj Al Arab Hotel.
Capacity Problems
Most of the calls: indoor calls
Heavy traffic: some special buildings
Outdoor macro cells cannot meet the indoor

capacity requirement
DWTC: GITEX.
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For example: Burj Al Arab Hotel, 27th floor
outdoor macro cell: SC154
RSCP > -85dB: 10%
RSCP > -95dB: 25%
RSCP > -105dB: 70%
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For example: Jumeira Beach Hotel, 8th floor
outdoor macro cell: SC152
RSCP > -85dB: 5%
RSCP > -95dB: 24%
RSCP > -105dB: 64%

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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)

Airports / Stations / Harbors
High Traffic Density
Capacity requirement
Provide both indoor and outdoor coverage
Signal Source for Indoor Distribution System
Outdoor macro NodeB
RRU
Rooms: large and high
Wall-mounted directional antenna
Ceiling-mounted omni antenna

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Exhibitions Centre / Conference Centre / Gymnasiums
Very High Traffic only when
Exhibitions/Conferences/Games take place
Example: DWTC
Sufficient margin should be provided in Capacity
dimensioning
most of time: low traffic

Good coverage for data services is required
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Shopping Centre / Supermarkets
Main service: voice service
High traffic at peak hours
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Commercial Office Buildings / Hotels
More High-end subscribers
Provide Good coverage for data services
Heavier Traffic on lower stories
Consider Capacity Margin
Antenna Quantity and Locations
Usual solution: Indoor Distribution System
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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Design Process for Indoor Distribution

System
Design Preparation
Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning
Indoor Distribution System Solution
Indoor Verification Test
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Design Preparation: Step 1
Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis
Coverage Range
Rough Coverage Range
Coverage Requirement of the network

Area coverage probability requirement
Capacity Requirement of the network

How many subscribers
Cell load
Investment Scale of the Project
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Step 2: Survey on the outdoor cell Coverage
Outdoor cells may interference the indoor distribution system

Pilot pollution may occur
More serious interference in higher stories
necessary to carry out indoor signal test
signal strength and distributions in the building
Stories Selection for Test: Suggestion

1~2 stories for the lower part of the building
1~2 stories for the middle part of the building
1~2 stories for the upper part of the building
Drive Test Tools

e.g. Agilent 6474A device
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Step 3: Preparation of Building Drawings
Obtain Building Drawings

Coverage Target Storey
Plan Drawing
Elevation Drawing
Strong and Weak Electric Wells
Existing Transmission in the building
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Step 4: Indoor Survey of the Building
Collect enough information for indoor distribution system

Determine the exact coverage range
Identify Coverage Requirement for different storey
Take enough digital Photographs
Indoor details and Building Profile
Identify building materials, thickness of floor / ceiling / wall

Estimate the penetration loss
check Obtainable transmission, power supply, cable resource,

and requirements from building management
Check if GSM/CDMA indoor distribution system already exists
WCDMA will probably share the same indoor distribution system
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Step 5: Indoor CW Test
Obtain indoor propagation characteristics
Correct indoor propagation model (if possible)
Estimate the penetration loss

Inner partition walls
Floors and ceilings
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System
Design Preparation
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Coverage & Capacity Dimensioning (1)
Indoor Propagation Model: Keenan-Motley model
PL(d0) is free space loss at the d0 distance;
d is the distance between transmitter and receiver;
d0 is the reference distance; (normally d0 is 1m);
n is the average path loss attenuation exponents;
Kfi stands for the number of the floors of type i;
Kwj stands for the number of the walls of type j;
Lfi stands for the penetration loss of the floor of type i;
Lwj stands for the penetration loss of wall of type i;
a : linear penetration loss factor. typical value 0.2dB/m
d1: breakpoint. Typical value is 65m.
PL d 0 32.45[dB] 20 lg d 0 [km] f [MHz]
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Indoor Propagation Path Loss
f=2000MHz, d=1m
Path loss = 38 dB
f=2000MHz, d=30m
Path loss = 80 dB
f=2000MHz, d=60m
Path loss =88 dB
f=2000MHz, d=80m
Path loss = 92 dB
Note: assume path loss
attenuation exponent is 2.8

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3G Shares GSM DAS: GSM1800 BCCH
Uplink
CS12.2
CS64
PS64
PS128
PS144
PS384
Max Power of UE
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21.00
21.00
21.00
21.00
Atenna Gain of UE
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NF of NodeB Rx
2.2
2.2
2.20
2.20
2.20
2.20
bit rate of service
12.2
64
64
128
144
384
EbvsNo in UL
5.4
2.7
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.6
Sensitivity in UL
-125.54
-121.04
-121.34
-118.83
-118.32
-114.36
UL loading
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
noise rise
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
3.01
SHO Gain
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
fast fading margin
2.31
3.14
3.14
3.38
3.38
3.65
max CL in UL
142.72
137.39
137.69
134.94
134.43
130.20
PL_CL - PL_DL
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
max CL in DL
144.09
138.76
139.06
136.31
135.80
131.57
GSM1800 BCCH TxPwr
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43
43
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Combiner/Diplexer Loss
Frequency Correction Loss (feeder)
Outdoor Interference Margin
10
10
10
10
10
10
Min. Required RxLev Threshold
-88.09
-82.76
-83.06
-80.31
-79.80
-75.57
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Capacity Dimensioning
Choose appropriate signal resource

Macro NodeB
Micro NodeB
RRU
Different power and base band resource
The basic capacity formula

refer to dimensioning training material
Indoor cells can support more users than

outdoor macro
Interference from other cell: smaller
Non-orthogonal factor: smaller
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System
Design Preparation
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Indoor Distribution System Solution (1)
Antenna layout diagram for each floor
Determine Antenna Quantity
Determine Antenna Installation Location
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Estimate Transmit Power from each Antenna
Example
Passive Distribution System
BTS Output Power: 5W
7/8 Cables
1/2 Power Splitter
Ceil-mounted Omni Antenna
Each Floor: two Antennas
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Estimate transmit power from each antenna
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Detailed Network Topology Diagram
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Detailed Cabling Diagram
Vertical View and Plan Layout
Indicate Feeder Cable Length
Splitters Location
Couplers Location
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System
Design Preparation
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To Guarantee the indoor signal quality
Install antennas in the right positions
Make sure each antenna transmits continuous

waves as the expected power level
Choose enough test points and make signal power

level test
Make indoor drive test if possible
Analyze the test data and check if the design meets

the coverage requirements
If not, take measures to improve the design
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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Equipments Type
Signal Source Equipment Type
Feeder Cable Type
Indoor Antenna Type
Splitter Type
Coupler Type
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Equipment Type Selection: Signal Source
Signal Source Equipment Type
macro NodeB
micro NodeB
RRU
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Equipment Type Selection: Feeder Cable
Feeder Cable Type
Feeder Cable Loss

7/8 cable feeder: 6.1dB/100m
1/2 cable feeder: 10.7dB/100m
Construction Feasibility
Minimum curvature radius requirement
25.4cm for 7/8 cable feeder
12.7cm for 1/2 cable feeder
Burning Point Requirement
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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor Antenna (1)
Some restrictions for indoor antenna
Short distance coverage
Transmit power restriction
Installation space restriction
Vision pollution restriction
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Equipment Type Selection: Indoor antenna (2)
Indoor Antenna Types
Omni antenna
Ceiling-mounted omni antenna
Bar-type omni antenna
Directional Antenna
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Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna

(1)
Basic Requirement for Omni Antenna
Spectrum Range: 800M~2500MHz
Gain: 2dBi
Horizontal beam width: 360
Vertical beam width: 90
Polarization: vertical polarization
VSWR: less than 1.5
Down tilt: no
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Equipment Type Selection: Omni Antenna

(2)
Some Existing Omni Antenna Types
KATHREIN
Type: 80010137
Frequency Range: 876-960/1710-2500MHz
Gain: 2 dBi
DECIBEL
Type: DB784SM5N-SY Db Diamond
Frequency Range: 806-2200MHz
Gain: 2.1 dBi
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Equipment Type Selection: Directional Antenna (1)
Basic Requirements for Directional Antenna
Spectrum Range: 800M~2200MHz
Gain: 7 dBi
Horizontal beam width: 90
Vertical beam width: 60
Front-to-back ratio: > 20 dB
VSWR: < 1.5
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Some Existing Directional Antenna Types
KATHREIN
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Some Existing Directional Antenna Types
ANDREW
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High Gain Directional Antenna Types
KATHREIN
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Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (1)
Splitter Type
Performance parameters
Bandwidth Requirements
Isolation Requirements
1/2 splitter
1/3 splitter
1/4 splitter
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Equipment Type Selection: Splitter (2)
KATHREIN Splitter
TYPE
K737303
K737305
K737307
Output Ports
Attenuation
3 dB
4.8 dB
6 dB
Insertion loss
<0.05dB
<0.05dB
<0.05dB
Inter-modulation
<-150dBC
<-150dBC
<-150dBC
Freq. Range
800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz
VSWR
<1.5
<1.5
<1.5
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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (1)
Coupler Type
Performance parameters
Bandwidth Requirements
Isolation Requirements
7 dB coupler
10 dB coupler
15 dB coupler
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Equipment Type Selection: Coupler (2)
KATHREIN Coupler
TYPE
K63236061
K63236101
K63236151
Attenuation
7 / 1.0dB
10.4 / 0.4 dB
15.1 / 0.1dB
Insertion loss
<0.05dB
<0.05dB
<0.05dB
inter-modulation
<-150dBC
<-150dBC
<-150dBC
Freq. Range
800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz 800-2200MHz
VSWR
<1.5
<1.5
<1.5
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Comparison between splitter & coupler
Splitter
Coupler
Non-equal Power Distribution
Splitter
Equal Power Distribution
Better for antennas in the same floor
Coupler
Better for antennas in different floors
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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Some Typical Solutions (1)

Signal source: micro NodeB
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Signal source: nearby macro NodeB + RRU
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Signal source: macro NodeB + RRU
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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Outline
Introduction
Appendix:
Micro NodeB
RRU
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Micro NodeB (1)
Scenarios for micro NodeB
Indoor Coverage
Medium/Low Traffic Areas
Blind Spots
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Micro NodeB (2)
Parameters for micro NodeB
Support maximum 2 cells
Transmission: E1 or STM-1
Power supply: AC
Capacity: 64 CE
Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
Weight: < 55kg
Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
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RRU (1)
2TRX
2TRX
1TRX
1TRX
1TRX
2TRX
1TRX
1TRX
maximum 4 cells can be cascaded
Maximum 100 km for 3 or 4 cascades
Maximum 12 cells
Maximum 2 cells per RRU
1TRX
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RRU (2)
Parameters for RRU
Support maximum 2 cells
Transmission: Optical Fiber
Power supply: AC
Capacity: 256 CE
Transmit power: 2*10W / 2*20W
Weight: < 50kg
Dimension: 460*350*700 (cm)
Cascade: max 4 cells, max distance 100km
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Comparison: RRU and micro NodeB

Handover
RRU: Softer HO between RRU and host NodeB
micro NodeB: Soft HO between micro NodeBs
Capacity
One RRU: maximum 256 CE
One micro NodeB: maximum 64 CE
Transmission
RRU: Optical Fibers
Micro NodeB: E1 or STM-1
O&M
RRU: from host macro NodeB

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OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1

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OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP Indoor Distribution System Design ISSUE1

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OWJ101106 WCDMA RNP

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

To introduce an general Idea on Design

To provide Some typical solutions for

To know how to select equipment type

Indoor Coverage Scenarios

Design Process for Indoor Distribution System

Equipment Type Selection

Some Typical Solutions

List of Materials & Cost Estimation

Why We need indoor Distribution System?

Outdoor macro cell cannot satisfy indoor coverage

High penetration loss

RSCP ( less than -95dBm )

Jumeira Beach Hotel

Burj Al Arab Hotel.

Most of the calls: indoor calls

Heavy traffic: some special buildings

Outdoor macro cells cannot meet the indoor

Why We need indoor Distribution System?

RSCP > -85dB: 10%

RSCP > -95dB: 25%

RSCP > -105dB: 70%

Why We need indoor Distribution System?

RSCP > -85dB: 5%

RSCP > -95dB: 24%

RSCP > -105dB: 64%

Indoor Coverage Scenarios

Design Process for Indoor Distribution System

Equipment Type Selection

Some Typical Solutions

List of Materials & Cost Estimation

Indoor Coverage Scenarios (1)

Provide both indoor and outdoor coverage

Signal Source for Indoor Distribution System

Outdoor macro NodeB

Rooms: large and high

Wall-mounted directional antenna

Ceiling-mounted omni antenna

Indoor Coverage Scenarios (2)

Exhibitions/Conferences/Games take place

most of time: low traffic

Indoor Coverage Scenarios (3)

Main service: voice service

High traffic at peak hours

Indoor Coverage Scenarios (4)

Provide Good coverage for data services

Heavier Traffic on lower stories

Consider Capacity Margin

Antenna Quantity and Locations

Usual solution: Indoor Distribution System

Indoor Coverage Scenarios

Design Process for Indoor Distribution System

Equipment Type Selection

Some Typical Solutions

List of Materials & Cost Estimation

Design Process for Indoor Distribution

Coverage and Capacity Dimensioning

Indoor Distribution System Solution

Indoor Verification Test

Design Preparation: Step 1

Step 1: Coverage Target Analysis

Coverage Requirement of the network