HYBRID CAR

Introduction
The word hybrid means something
that is mixed together from two
things
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
typically combine the IC engine with
the battery and electric motor of an
electric vehicle
The combination offers low
emmision, with the power, range and
convenient fueling and they never

Working

 HEVs are powered by two energy sources

They have two to three times more fuelefficient than conventional vehicles
HEVs have series design, a parallel design
or a combination of both
In a parallel design, the energy conversion
unit and electric propulsion system are
connected directly to the vehicles wheels
Ina series design, the primary engine is
connected to a generator that produces
electricity

Parallel HEV Design

 In parallel configuration has a

mechanical connection between the
hybrid power unit and the wheels as
in a conventional vehicle but also has
an electric motor
It uses internal combustion engine
for highway riding and electric motor
for acceleration, hill climbing etc

Series Hybrid

 HEV in series configuration uses the

heat engine or fuel cell with a
generator to produce electricity for
the battery pack and electric motor
Series HEVs have no mechanical
connection between the hybrid
power unit and the wheels

Hybrid Vehicle Components

The following components are
primarily used in the hybrid vehicles
1. Electric traction motors/controllers
2. Electric energy storage system
3. Hybrid power unit
4. Fuel systems for hybrid power units
5. Transmissions

To help reduce emissions and improve

vehicle efficiencies the following
systems and components are being
improved
1. Emission control systems
2. Energy management and systems
control
3. Thermal management system
4. Lightweight and aerodynamic body
5. Low rolling resistance
6. Reduction of accessory loads

Hybrid electric vehicle

motors/controllers
It converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy
It gives high torque at low speeds

Hybrid electric vehicle

batteries
1.
2.
3.
4.

Lead-Acid batteries
Nickel-cadmium batteries
Nickel-Metal hydride batteries
Lithium ion batteries

Hybrid electric vehicle

power unit
1.
2.
3.
4.

Spark ignition engines

Compression ignition engines
Gas turbine engine
Fuel cells

Fuel systems for hybrid electric

vehicle
Two primary fuels used are petrol and
diesel
The opportunity for fuels such as
biodiesel, natural gas , ethanol ,
hydrogen is great

Emission Control systems for hybrid

electric vehicles
HEV reduce emission by increased
fuel economy, use of alternate fuels,
and improved power unit and after
treatment technologies
A well tuned SI engine produced less
amount of emissions

Energy management
system
A HEV uses two or more sources of
on-board power
A power control strategy is needed to
control the flow of power and to
maintain adequate reserves of
energy in the storage devices
Although it adds complex to
conventional vehicles , it allows
components to work together

Hybrid Vehicle Benefits

1.
2.
3.
4.

Low emission and high efficiency

High fuel economy
Outstanding performance
Energy security

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Commercial applications

Bus Applications