HSUPA Link Budget and

Network Dimensioning
UMTS Network Planning Dept.
March 2007

Course Objectives
After studying this course, you will be able
to get familiar with:

Principles of HSUPA link budget

Principles of HSUPA capacity

dimensioning

Principles of HSUPA CE
dimensioning

Principles of HSUPA Iub

dimensioning

Contents

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning
Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub
Dimensioning

Training.huawei.com

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Link Budget

Section 2 Difference in Link

Budget Between HSUPA and R99

Section 3 Tool Implementation

Principles of HSUPA Link Budget

HSUPA coverage requirements: throughput at the cell edge

Purpose of HSUPA link budget: to calculate the coverage rate at the

cell edge or the available coverage radius of HSUPA under a certain
bearing rate.

HSUPA link budget is based on the emulation results: The

emulation results indicate the relationship between HSUPA Ec/No and
throughput.
8

PA3
TU3
TU50
VA120

Simulation condition
SBLER = 30%

Ec/N0

0
-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
69

507.6

978

1353 1972.8 2706

Physical layer rate

4050

HSUPA Link Budget Process

The HSUPA link

budget process is
similar to that of R99.

At present, the power

rollback of the UE is
not considered in

Macro diversity gain

Soft handover gain to
slow fading
Soft handover gain to
fast fading

Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin
Interference margin

Node B antenna gain

Feeder loss to connector
UE antenna gain

Body loss

Power rollback
Penetration loss

HSUPA link budget.

Max. transmit power of UE

HSUPA uplink budget

Antenna gain

Maximum allowed path loss

Soft handover gain

Margin
Loss
Receiving sensibility of Node B

HSUPA Link Budget Function 1

Calculate the cell coverage radius according to the known rate

at the cell edge.

Simulation

Rate at the
cell edge

Throughput => Ec/No

Ec/No. of the cell

edge

Node B receiving
sensitivity
Node B receiving sensitivity = -108.16 + Node B noise
coefficient + Ec/No
Link budget

Cell coverage
radius

HSUPA Link Budget Function 2

Calculate the rate at the cell edge according to the known cell
coverage radius.

Cell coverage radius

Link budget

Received HSUPA signal

strength of Node B at
the cell edge

Ec/No of the cell edge

Ec/No Received HSUPA signal strength of Node B at the

cell edge - ( -108.16 + Node B noise coefficient )

Simulation

Ec/ No => throughput

Rate at the cell edge

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Link Budget

Section 2 Difference in Link

Budget Between HSUPA and R99

Section 3 Tool Implementation

Difference in Link Budget

Between HSUPA and R99 (1/5)

R99 link budget

The requirements on different continuous coverage services differ in

different scenarios.
Calculate the cell radius according to such requirements as
coverage services and quality target.
The calculation focuses on uplink coverage.
Coverage area type
Radio propagation
parameters

Propagation
model

Coverage target
Capacity target

Link budget

Maximum
allowed path
loss

Cell radius

Quality target

HSUPA link budget: to get the data rate of HSUPA at the cell edge

HSUPA link budget focuses on the uplink data rate at the cell edge.
The cell radius should be based on R99 coverage.

Difference in Link Budget

Between HSUPA and R99 (2/5)

Power rollback is not considered for R99 UEs.

Transmitting power rollback of HSUPA UE is relatively significant.

After HSUPA is introduced, there are more uplink channels: DPCCH,

DPDCH, E-DPDCH, E-DPCCH and HS-DPCCH. The Peak-to-Average Ratio
(PAR) rises to cause UE transmit power to back off.

When the HSUPA rate is low and DPCCH, DPDCH, E-DPDCH, HS-DPCCH
and E-DPDCH all exist, the PAR is rather high and the power rollback is
significant.

When the HSUPA rate is high, HSUPA adopts the physical channel codes
among {2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4}, and DPCCH, DPDCH, E-DPDCH, HSDPCCH and E-DPDCH all exist, the PAR is low and the power rollback is
insignificant.

Difference in Link Budget

Between HSUPA and R99 (3/5)
The uplink load in R99 is
usually no more than 50%.

Even higher uplink load in HSUPA

Fast Node B scheduling can effectively

suppress the rise of uplink interference, that is,
it can more precisely control uplink interference.
Thus, HSUPA uplink can operate under a higher
load.

The simulation results of N company show that

the average uplink ROT supported by the
HSUPA system is 1 dB higher than the original
R99 (4 dB) under the same overload condition
(ROT > 6 dB). Therefore, HSUPA can operate
under a higher target load.

NoiseRise(dB)

Interference Curve

UL Load

NoiseRise 10 Log10 1 UL

50% UL Load 3dB

dB

Difference in Link Budget

Between HSUPA and R99 (4/5)

There is a high soft handover gain in R99.

HSUPA adopts HARQ, which brings time diversity gain. Thus,

the gain produced in soft handover is relatively low in HSUPA.

Difference in Link Budget

Between HSUPA and R99 (5/5)

R99 requires a big fast fading margin

Fast power control is used mainly to compensate fast fading.

HSUPA requires a small fast fading margin.

E-DPDCH adopts the HARQ mechanism, which brings time

diversity gain.

Power control is used to adjust the rate instead of compensating

fast fading.

Example: For channel PA3, the rate of PS services is 64 kbit/s. The fast fading
margin is 2.1 dB in R99 while that is 1.2 dB in HSUPA.

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Link Budget

Section 2 Difference in Link

Budget Between HSUPA and R99

Section 3 Tool Implementation

Parameter Values in HSUPA Link Budget

Currently, RND3.0 does not

consider UE power rollback.

The fast fading margin is 0,

because at present only the
Ec/No. emulation data without
power control is available.

The soft handover gain to fast

fading is 0.

The soft handover gain to slow

fading is merged into slow fading
margin.

This tool does not consider macro

diversity gain.

HSUPA Link Budget Function (1/2)

Channel model
--- The channel model affects FRC EcNo.

BLER
--- Calculate the retransmission ratio based
on BLER.
Retransmission ratio = BLER / (1 BLER)

Calculate the cell

radius according to
the known rate at
the cell edge.

--- The retransmission ratio affects FRC

EcNo.

BLER/
Ec/N0[dB]

FRC1

FRC2

FRC3

FRC4

FRC5

FRC6

FRC7

BLER

1353

2706

4059

507.6

979.8

1959.6

69

70%

-10

-7

-5.6

-14.3

-11.9

-9.1

-21.2

30%

-3.9

-0.5

1.1

-9.3

-6.8

-3.8

-17.2

10%

-2.6

0.9

2.9

-8.8

-6.1

-3.2

-16.2

PA3

Calculate the rate at the

cell edge according to
the know cell radius.

HSUPA Link Budget Function (2/2)

Using peak rate and BLER

---

---

Calculate the cell coverage radius when the

rate at the cell edge is equal to the FRC
bearing rate.
At present, the available Ec/No emulation
data covers only three scenarios where the
retransmission ratios are 30 , 70 and
90 . When the retransmission ratio
calculated according to the input BLER in
link budget is not one of the previous three
values, the principle of proximity shall apply.

Using cell edge throughput

---

Calculate the cell coverage radius according

to the user-input effective rate at the cell
edge.

---

When the physical layer rate calculated

according to the input effective rate at the
cell edge and BLER is not equal to the FRC
rate, the rate shall be linearized.

---

For the retransmission ratio, the principle of

proximity shall apply.

Using coverage radius

--- Calculate the effective rate at the cell edge according
to the user-input cell radius.
--- When the Ec/No of the cell edge calculated through
link budget is not equal to FRC EcNo, EcNo shall be
linearized.
--- Effective rate at the cell edge = physical layer rate at
the cell edge x (1 BLER)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-20

-12.3

-9.6

-7.9

-6.7

-4.8

Ec/No of the cell edge

RateFRC ( i 1) RateFRCi
Rate RateFRCi

EcNo EcNoFRCi
EcNoFRC ( i 1) EcNoFRCi

-3.3

Contents

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning
Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub
Dimensioning

Training.huawei.com

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity

Dimensioning

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Capacity Dimensioning

Section 2 Difference in Capacity

Dimensioning Between HSUPA
and R99

Section 3 RND Tool

Implementation

Principles of HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning

Capacity dimensioning function

Calculate the cell mean throughput according to the

HSUPA load.

Calculate the HSUPA load according to the cell mean

throughput.

Major parameters involved in dimensioning

c , d , ec

Power offsets like

HSUPA TTI

E-DPDCH retransmission count

Mapping between HSUPA Ec/N0 and the bearing rate

HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning Function 1

HSUPA capacity dimensioning function 1: Calculate the cell

mean throughput according to the known HSUPA load.

HS-DPCCH load
R99 load
Associated channel load

Total uplink load

HSUPA actual load

Maximum rate per

user of the cell

Cell mean throughput

HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning Function 2

HSUPA capacity dimensioning function 2: Calculate the HSUPA

load according to the known HSUPA cell mean throughput.

HSUPA cell mean

throughput InputThr

Initialize the HSUPA load or change

(increase or decrease) the current load
according to the throughput comparison
result

Calculated cell mean throughput

CalcThr

N
InputThr=CalcThr?

Y
Output the current
HSUPA load

Calculation Process of Actual Load in HSUPA

HS-DPCCH load

HS DPCCH

CQI load calculation

CQI N HSDPA 2 / 3 ADPCCH 2ms / TCQI

( PSHO CQI SHO (1 PSHO ) CQI NSHO )

ACK/NACK load calculation

ACK / NACK 1 / 3 N HS SCCH ADPCCH (0.9 ( PSHO ACK SHO (1 PSHO ) ACK NSHO )
0.1 ( PSHO NACK SHO (1 PSHO ) NACK NSHO ))
E DCH

N HSDPA
PSHO

: Number of concurrent HSDPA users

: Soft handover proportion

N HS SCCH

ADPCCH : DPCCH load

CQI SHO , CQI NSHO , ACK SHO , ACK NSHO

TCQI

: Number of HS-SCCHs
: CQI reporting period

: SHO and non-SHO power offsets

such as CQI and ACK

Calculation Process of Actual Load in HSUPA

A DCH
HSUPA associated channel load

HSUPA and HSDPA associated channels can be shared.

Associated DPCCH load

Associated DPDCH load

A DPCCH N HSPA ADPCCH

A - DPDCH ADCH 64 K (Throughput HSPA N40 / 1500 / 2 2.24) / 64

:max(

A DCH , HSDPA

HSUPA actual load

Independent carrier:

Shared carrier:

, A DCH , HSUPA )

HSPA

HSUPA
UL _ HSUPA UL _ HSDPCCH A _ DCH

UL _ Total UL _ R 99 UL _ HSDPCCH A _ DCH

Maximum Rate Per User of HSUPA

Maximum rate per user:Rmax

Actual load per HSUPA user:

i

( Ec / No) DPCCH

HSUPA actual load per user = Total

uplink HSUPA available load

1 f
1
(1 ( d / c ) 2 ( ec / c ) 2 ) ( Ec / No) ed , R

( Ec / No) ed , R ( Eb / No) ed , R *

When is the rate per user the

biggest?

R
W

Maximum rate per user Rmax:

E DCH
W
( Ec / No) DPCCH 1 ( d / c ) 2 ( ec / c ) 2
1 f E DCH
( Eb / No) ed , R

Rmax min{R, Rideal }

W: chip rate

R: HSUPA bearer bit rate

c , d , ec : Amplitude gain factor of DPCCH,

Rideal

DPDCH and E-DPCCH

2 Mbps, TTI 10ms
( Eb / No) ed , R : Eb/N0 of E-DPDCH

5.74 Mbps, TTI 2ms

Mean Throughput of HSUPA Cells

Cell mean throughput

Maximum rate per user with the given radius r

HSUPA users are evenly distributed in the circle

whose radius is r.

Cell mean throughput:

R

Throughput 0
R: Cell radius

Max

(r ) (r )rdr
s

S: Cell area

: Included angle of the circle

2when

1
R
2

3R
1
3

, when
6 arcSin
R

4
r
2
2

3
6 arcCos 3R , when
RrR
2r

6
2

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity

Dimensioning

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Capacity Dimensioning

Section 2 Difference in Capacity

Dimensioning Between HSUPA
and R99

Section 3 RND Tool

Implementation

Difference in Capacity Dimensioning

Between HSUPA and R99

R99 capacity dimensioning uses KR+BE algorithms.

HSUPA capacity dimensioning algorithm is similar to that of

HSDPA and uses integral calculation.

Uplink target load setting

When the original R99 network has good coverage: The total uplink load
may be appropriately increased.

When the original R99 network has poor coverage: The total uplink load
shall keep unchanged.

Higher cell throughput:

Emulation condition: TU3, with the voice traffic of 20 Erl

Keep the uplink load at 50% and bear the PS services on HSUPA. The
capacity is improved by 30% than R99.

Keep the uplink load at 75% and bear the PS services on HSUPA. The
capacity is improved by 118% than R99.

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity

Dimensioning

Section 1 Principles of HSUPA

Capacity Dimensioning

Section 2 Difference in Capacity

Dimensioning Between HSUPA
and R99

Section 3 RND Tool

Implementation

R5 Network Construction Input of

Common Parameters
HSPA independent carrier

HSPA and R99 share the carrier

R99 uplink load and HSUPA uplink load are --- The total uplink load of R99 and HSUPA is set.
separately set.
--- HSUPA load Total uplink load - R99 uplink load
--- The uplink interference margin is calculated --- The uplink interference margin is calculated
according to the HSUPA uplink load.
according to the total uplink load of HSUPA and R99.
---

R5 Network Construction Input of

Advanced Parameters

Input of advanced parameters in HSUPA capacity

dimensioning

Advanced
parameters in
capacity
dimensioning

R5 Network Construction Major

Output Parameters
HSUPA cell actual throughput
---

Calculate the cell throughput according to

the HSUPA load.

HSUPA cell target throughput

HSUPACellTargetThroughput (kbps) - Throughput per HSUPA user
Number of users of the HSUPA cell (1 + Burst margin) / (1 - BLER)

HSUPA cell actual load

---

Calculate the cell load according to the

cell mean throughput.

HSUPA actual cell edge throughput

---

Calculate the cell edge throughput

according to the cell radius obtained
through iterative capacity dimensioning.

Power required for HSUPA target

throughput
---

Calculate the HSUPA load according to

the HSUPA cell target throughput.

R99 Upgrade Input of Common Parameters

HSPA shared carrier

HSUPA uplink load is input by the user.

Generally, the sum of HSUPA uplink load
and R99 uplink load shall be less than 75%.
The uplink interference margin is calculated
according to the sum of HSUPA uplink load
and R99 uplink load .

HSPA independent carrier

HSUPA uplink load is input by the user.

HSUPA uplink load is separately set and
has nothing to do with R99.
The uplink interference margin is
calculated according to HSUPA uplink load.

R99 Upgrade Major Output Parameters

HSUPA cell actual throughput
--- Calculate the cell throughput
according to the HSUPA load.

HSUPA cell target throughput

HSUPACellTargetThroughput (kbps) - Throughput per HSUPA user
Number of users of the HSUPA cell (1 + Burst margin) / (1 - BLER)

HSUPA cell actual load

--- Calculate the cell load according to
the cell mean throughput.

HSUPA actual cell edge throughput

--- Calculate the cell edge throughput
according to the cell radius obtained
through iterative capacity
dimensioning.

Power required for HSUPA target

throughput
--- Calculate the HSUPA load according
to the HSUPA cell target throughput.

Contents

Chapter 1 HSUPA Link Budget

Chapter 2 HSUPA Capacity Dimensioning

Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub Dimensioning

Training.huawei.com

Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub

Dimensioning

Section 1 HSUPA CE
Dimensioning

Section 2 HSUPA Lub

Dimensioning

Section 3 Tool Implementation

Factors Influencing the HSUPA

Uplink CE Number
The number of CEs occupied in the HSUPA uplink may be affected by the
following factors:

HARQ: It employs fast retransmission in the physical layer. The more the
retransmission times, the more the occupied CEs. The improvement of
demodulation performance enables the cell capacity to be enlarged and enables the
system to support more HSUPA users. The more the users, the more the occupied
CEs.
Coding efficiency: For the lower coding efficiency, the higher physical channel
codes are needed to send a transport block of the same size and the more CEs are
occupied.
Soft handover: In the soft handover area, the UE has established links with multiple
cells and occupies several times CE resources.
DCH associated channel (uplink/downlink): HSUPA needs associated DCHs.
One associated DCH occupies one CE.
Number of concurrent HSUPA users: The more HSUPA users are simultaneously
connected, the more CE resources are occupied.
HSUPA mean throughput: After HSUPA is introduced, the mean throughput is
enlarged and so more CEs are occupied.

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Uplink (1/3)

HSUPA can share CE resources with R99.
DCH associated channels, the new E-DPCCH and E-DPDCH introduced
into HSUPA all occupy CEs.

E-DPCCH bears the demodulation associated signaling.

E-DPDCH bears uplink service data.

DCH transports control information.

CEs occupied by DCH associated channels:

Every associated channel occupies one CE.

The method of estimating the CEs occupied by associated channels is similar to

that of HSDPA.

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Uplink (2/3)

For non-scheduling grant services

The transmission rate is usually constant and so is the number of occupied CEs. The
dimensioning method of R99 may be used to make the calculation.

For HSUPA scheduling grant services

The transmission rate is variable and the number of occupied CEs also keeps changing. The
following formula may be used for the calculation:

Nce N (1 SHO%) (1 b)
(1 SHO%) (1 b)
N
m
1 - BLER

Nce:
Total CEs occupied in the HSUPA uplink
N:
Number of concurrent HSUPA users
SHO%: Soft handover proportion
b:
Burst margin
BLER: RLC layer block error rate, corresponding to
the service layer QoS index
M:
CEs occupied by physical channel codes (or
code combinations), as shown in the table on
next page.

The number of users of HSUPA associated channels shall satisfy 1 <= N <= 20.
For a system configured with both HSUPA and HSDPA, the number of CEs occupied
by DCH associated channels shall be the greater of the number of CEs occupied by
HSDPA associated channels and that occupied by HSUPA associated channels.

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Uplink (3/3)

The requested bearing rate can be calculated according to the requested

mean rate (R) and the total number of retransmissions (determined by
SBLER), and is then mapped to m as shown in the following table:

HSUPA CE Dimensioning Downlink

AGCH, RGCH and HICH are added in the HSUPA downlink:

Channel Type
Downlink common
channel AGCH

Occupy CE
No

Downlink dedicated
channel RGCH

No

Downlink dedicated
channel HICH

No

HSUPA downlink
associated channel

Description

Yes

At present, the three channels are separately

processed and so they do not occupy the CE
resources of R99 services.

Considering that usually HSDPA is adopted in the

downlink when the UE adopts HSUPA in the uplink,
the number of CEs occupied by DCH associated
channels shall be the greater of the number of CEs
occupied by HSDPA associated channels and that
occupied by HSUPA associated channels.

Difference in CE Dimensioning Between

HSUPA and R99

Dimensioning method

R99: The uplink CE dimensioning method is the same as that of the downlink.

HSUPA: The uplink CE dimensioning method is different from that of the

downlink.

Data and signaling

The data transmitted on R99 DCH contain signaling and so it is unnecessary to

separately calculate the occupied CE resources.

In HSUPA, it is necessary to separately calculate the occupied CE resources. The

DCH bears signaling. The E-DPDCH bears uplink service data and is equivalent
to the HS-PDSCH in HSDPA, and the E-DPCCH bears demodulation associated
signaling and is equivalent to the HS-SCCH in HSDPA.

CEs occupied by the corresponding transmission rate

R99 adopts the equivalent CE number. Different bearing rates correspond to

different numbers of occupied CEs.

The HSUPA transmission rate is variable and so is the coding efficiency. Different
physical channel coding schemes occupy different average numbers of CEs.

Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub

Dimensioning

Section

1 HSUPA CE
Dimensioning

Section

2 HSUPA Lub
Dimensioning

Section

3 Tool Implementation

Factors Affecting HSUPA Uplink

Lub Dimensioning

Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA Iub dimensioning shall consider

the following factors:

Compared with HSDPA, HSUPA shall consider soft handover overheads.

Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA shall consider changes of the E-DCH

FP frame bearer.

HSUPA FP overheads
HSUPA Rate (kbps)

FP Data Frame Utilization

32

80%

64

87%

128

91%

384

94%

480

94%

HSUPA Lub Dimensioning Uplink

The Iub bandwidth of HSUPA should

consider the service data on HSUPA
channels and the signaling on
associated channels, as shown by the
calculation formula on the right.
After HSUPA is introduced, no new
control frame is added and the old
calculation method is still used. It is
necessary to consider the number of
HSUPA associated channels.
Similar to HSDPA, HSUPA common
measurement information will be
added after HSUPA is introduced.
The NCP traffic needs to further
increase and possibly the NCP
bandwidth needs to be increased,
which shall depend on the specific
product implementation.

After HSUPA is introduced, the uplink

Iub bandwidth
= ( Number of cell HSUPA users
HSUPA busy-hour throughput per
user
/ 3600
/ FP data frame utilization of HSUPA
/ Data packet AAL2 utilization
/ ATM utilization
/ E1 utilization
+ 3.4 kbps
Number of concurrent HSUPA users
3.4k associated signaling activation
ratio
/ FP data frame utilization of 3.4k
associated signaling
/ Signaling packet AAL2 utilization
/ ATM utilization
/ E1 utilization)

(1 + Data service burst margin)

(1 + Soft handover overheads)

HSUPA Lub Dimensioning Downlink

After HSUPA is introduced, AGCH, RGCH and HICH are added in the
downlink. They are physical channels and do not occupy Iub bandwidth.

Because it is necessary to feedback the TCP acknowledgement packet and

RLC layer state packet in the downlink during uplink data transmission, we
should consider the traffic of the two when the traffic of HSUPA is huge.

The traffic of TCP acknowledgement packets and RLC layer state packets
is about 2% to 3% of HSUPA traffic. We may estimate it by 2.5%.

After HSUPA is introduced, the increased downlink Iub bandwidth =

Number of cell HSUPA users x Busy-hour HSUPA throughput per
user 2.5% / 3600 / FP data frame utilization of HSDPA / Data packet
AAL2 utilization / ATM utilization / E1 utilization (1 + Data service
burst margin) (1 + Soft handover overheads)

Comparison of Lub Dimensioning

Between HSUPA and R99/HSDPA
HSUPA
HSUPAisissimilar
similarto
to

R99/HSDPAin
inIub
Iubinterface
interface
R99/HSDPA
trafficdimensioning.
dimensioning.The
The
traffic
dimensioningincludes
includestraffic
traffic
dimensioning
channeltraffic
trafficdimensioning
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channel
andcommon
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channeltraffic
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and
dimensioning.
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channeltraffic
traffic
The
dimensioningmethod
methodisissimilar
similar
dimensioning
thecapacity
capacitydimensioning
dimensioning
totothe
method,that
thatis,
is,itituses
usesKR+BE.
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method,
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HSPA
dimensioningisisthe
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sameas
asthe
the
dimensioning
originalR99
R99algorithms
algorithms. .
original

Compared with R99/HSDPA, HSUPA shall only consider changes of the E-DCH FP frame
bearer.

At present, the Iub bandwidth of HSUPA is estimated according to BE services.

Chapter 3 HSUPA CE and Lub

Dimensioning

Section 1 HSUPA CE
Dimensioning

Section 2 HSUPA Lub

Dimensioning

Section 3 Tool Implementation

RND Tool Implementation CE

and Lub Dimensioning

RND3.0 does not implement HSUPA CE dimensioning.

Input parameters
dimensioning.

and

output

results

of

HSUPA Iub

bandwidth