High Voltage Engineering

Term Project
Hazem Hamam
962864

Design of HVAC & HVDC

Transmission Lines

Outline
Design of AC TL.
Design of DC TL.
Design of a 500kV, 2GW AC TL.
Design of a 400kV, 2GW DC TL.
Economic Comparison.
Conclusion.

Power Transmission
Importance of power
transmission.
Means to transmit and sell
power.
Distant energy sources.
Trading energy.
Generation away from cities.

AC Transmission
Dominated transmission for a long
time.
Needs synchronization.
Simple & cheap terminals.
Expensive towers.
Works well for short distances.
Use of models to represent lines.

AC Transmission Design
PLL at 5% VD, 30-45o AD.
Double or single circuit lines.
Margin to minimize overloading.
Number of lines=total P/PLL.

AC Transmission Design
Entering current.
Appropriate conductors CCC.
Transformer (TRF) rating.
Conductors between TRF and TL.
Bundling.

AC Transmission Design
Insulation design criteria.
Withstand of standard unit = 15kv.
Adjacent centers at 0.146m.
Minimum clearance.
Sag and tension.
Tower dimensions.

AC Transmission Design
TRF protection.

Over-load margin.
CT ratio.
Mismatch.
Percentage operation line.
Pickup value.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
PLL = 700MW.
Needs 3 lines, margin 2 lines
double circuit.
P/Circuit = 600MW, (670MVA)
I=3376.7A at 380kV.
4 incoming ACSR1033500,54,7
CCC=1060A.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
Each conductor to TRF 380/500kV
700MVA.
TRF Secondary 500kV, 780A.
From TRF Secondary 2 ACSR795,26,7
per bundle CCC=900A to first Tower.
Line Length = 700kM.
Ra=28.175 Ohms.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
Inductive reactance=272.033.
Capacitive reactance = 0.0029068.
SIL= 815.1MW.
Is=773.65A.
Ps=603MW.
Vr=512.47kV, V-angle=-0.05o.
Ir=660.7A.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
Pr=565.5MW.
Efficiency=93.8%.
Voltage Regulation=54.7%. (Very
High)
TSSSL=908.662MW.
PLL=618.16MW.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
A withstand voltage of 30kV.
Switching Surge Criteria.
1 MV Insulation.
34 Units.
Two Strings for more mechanical
Strength.
Min clearance from ground is 12m.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
Phase-phase min clearance is 12m.
Surge Arrestors at beginning, 1/3,
2/3 and end of line.
SBD, more wind in the center.
TRF relays slope= 20% pickup
68.6A on 380kV side, 52.8 on
500kV side.

Design of 500kv, 2GW AC

TL
Sag = 7m.
Tension = 31222.4 lb.
Lower circuit of towers height
=20m.
Upper circuit of towers height
=32m.

AC Line Diagrams
TRF
1

TRF
5

TRF
2

TRF
6

TRF
3

TRF
7

TRF
4

TRF
8

AC Tower Dimensions

12m
12m

32m

5.678m

20m

25 30 m

DC Transmission Design
Converting Station is expensive.
Converting TRF.
Converting Valve. (quad valves).
AC & DC filtering.
DC Transmission Line.
Pole Configuration
Smaller, Cheaper DC Towers.
Line Commutation.

DC Transmission Design
6-pulse configurations.

Converting
TRF

Thyristor Module

+
DC
-

DC Transmission Design
12-Pulse Configuration
Thyristor Module

AC
Side

Mid-point
DC bus
arrestor

DC
Side

Thyristor Quad-valve

Design of 400kv, 2GW DC

TL
400kV DC and 500kV AC.
Converting Valves 400kV.
4kV thyristors, (100 LTT/valve)
Entering AC is 3380A at 380kV, in 4
ACSR 874500, 54, 7 of CCC 950A.
Every 2 conductors terminate in a
HV Bus-Bar at 380kV and 1200MVA.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
From BB to Conv.TRF ACSR
874500, 54,7 CCC=950 in 2
conductors/bundle to the TRF. I =
1800A.
The Conv.TRF is a 3-windings
380kV/400kV 1200MVA.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
After 20m of ACSR
874500, 54, 7cond.:
Drops negligible

Bus-Bar at: 380kV

1200MVA
2 conductors
entering
1 conductor
leaving.
3p ACSR 874500, 54, 7
2 bundles
CCC=950A/bund
V=380kV
S=600MVA
I=912A
PF=0.9 leading

After 40m of ACSR

874500,54,7:
Drops and losses
negligible

Delta
winding
AC
Filters

TRF
protection

Converter TRF:
V=380kV/400kV
S=1200MVA
3p 3 windings
Y winding

3p ACSR 874500,54,7 2
bundles
CCC=950A/bund
V=380kV
S=1200MVA
I=1824A

TRF
protection
TRF
protection

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
Delta Side:
V=400kV
S=600MVA
I=866A
Conductors are ACSR
795000,26,7 CCC=900
Length 20 m drops &
losses negligible
400kV AC
Side
Y Side:
V=400kV
S=600MVA
I=866A
Conductors are ACSR
795000,26,7 CCC=900
Length 20 m drops &
losses negligible

866
A

3000
A

Mid-point
DC bus
arrestor

400kV
DC
Side

+
D
C
-

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
From the DC
side of the
converting
Valve

V = 400kV DC
P = 1100MW
I = 2750

DC
Filters

Transmission Line
ACSR 874500, 54, 7
3 bundles per pole
CCC per pole = 950A
Total I per pole =
2750A
R = 17.18 ohms
Span = 200 m

DC Filters

To the DC
side of the
converting
Valve

V = 352.75kV DC
P = 970.08MW
I = 2750

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
Insulation for 800kV.
Number insulator units = 800kV /
30kV = 26.67=27 units/ string.
12m clearance from phase-phase
and phase to neutral.
Surge arrestors at withstand of 1MV.
SA at beginning, 1/3,2/3,end of line.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
TRF protection assumes 30%
overload.
CT 2400:5 and 1200:5.
Slope is 20%.
25% pickup means:

380kV pickup = 115.2A.

400kV pickup = 56.4A.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
Vr = 352.75kV.
Pr= 970.8MW.
Voltage Regulation = 13%.
Voltage Drop = 11%.
Efficiency = 88%.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
Lower design than AC is for less
voltage.
500kV DC performance is:

8.2% Voltage Regulation.

7.5% Voltage Drop.
93% efficiency.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
Span = 200 M
Sag = 8.94m
Tension = 31433.82
Poles Height 13 + 8.9 =21.9m.

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL
TRF 1

TRF 2

Converting
Valve

Converting
Valve

Diagram of the
Line

Converting
Valve

TRF 1

Converting
Valve

TRF 2

Design of 400kV, 2GW DC

TL

12m
22m

15-20m

DC Tower
Dimensions

Economic Comparison
Break-Even Distance.
AC Cost Estimation Legend:

TRF >500MVA, 1MVA=150$.

AC Towers 200m span = 80,000$.
1m of conductor for AC = 80$.

DC Cost Estimation Legend:

1 Station = 10,000,000$.
DC Towers 200m span = 45,000$.
1m of conductor for AC = 160$.

Economic Comparison
Table of Equipment:
Equipment

Per Unit Price

TRF 380/500kV
700MVA

Number
8
105,000$

AC Tower 200m span

3,500

80,000$

AC Conductors

12/m

80$

Converter Station 2

10,000,000$

DC Tower 200m
Span

3,500

50,000$

DC Conductors

4/m

160$

AC & DC Costs
1. 98,644,000 $ for AC TL.
2. 91,040,000 $ for DC TL.

Conclusion
AC TL higher Tower and conductor
costs and lower terminal costs.
DC TL lower Tower and conductor
costs and higher terminal costs.
Economics determines the design
to be used.
Line length determines which one
is more economic.