Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Borehole
Transition
Zone
Uninvaded
Formation
Flushed
Zone
Mudcake
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04
Core
Borehole Image
Dipmeter
Well Test
Wireline Testing
Photoelectric Effect
Resistivity
Neutron
Density
Sonic
Property
Gamma Ray
Log
Spontaneous Potential
Lithology/Mineralogy
Porosity
Fluid Type
Fluid Saturation
Permeability
Stratigraphy
Downhole Pressure
Geophysics
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F W Schroeder
04
1. Caliper
2. Lithology Logs
3. Porosity Logs
differentiate sands
types
4. Sonic Logs
5. Resistivity Logs
Courtesy of ExxonMobil
F W Schroeder
04
Identify HC zones
Borehole Size
Borehole size is set by the drill
bit, but it is influenced by:
Changes in stress state
borehole breakout
induced fracturing
creep of salt
Chemical Reactions
swelling clays in shales
dissolution of salt
Drilling Process
spiral borehole
bit marks
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F W Schroeder
04
Caliper Logs
What Do They Measure?
Size and shape of a recently drilled hole.
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F W Schroeder
04
Lithology Logs
a measurement vs
depth of the potential
difference between the
voltage in the wellbore
and an electrode on the
surface
Shale
SP (spontaneous potential)
Shale
Baseline
Sd
a scintillation detector
(similar to a Geiger
counter) that measures
the natural radiation
from a formation
Gamma Ray
Sand
Gamma Ray
Porosity Logs
Density Porosity
Neutron Porosity
Shale
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04
Ga
s
Ga
s
Oil
or
H2O
Delta-T
R1
R2
R1
R2
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F W Schroeder
04
Resistivity Logs
High deep resistivity means:
Hydrocarbons
Tight streaks (low porosity)
ILD (deep)
MSFL
SFL
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F W Schroeder
04
Formation Fluid
different from
Drilling Fluid
Formation Fluid
similar to
Drilling Fluid
Putting It Together
ILD (deep)
We will
assume that
this well was
drilled with
an oil-based
mud
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F W Schroeder
04
Caliper
MSFL
NPHI
Gamma Ray
SFL
RHOB)
Step 1: Lithology
ILD (deep)
Using the
Gamma Ray log,
define a shale
base line
Caliper
MSFL
NPHI
Gamma Ray
SFL
RHOB)
Shale
Siltstone
Deflections far to
the left are sandsSandstone
Intermediate
deflections to the
left are silts
Siltstone
Sandstone
Shale
Sandstone
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F W Schroeder
04
Where is the
neutron
porosity to the
right of the
density
porosity?
Caliper
MSFL
NPHI
Gamma Ray
SFL
RHOB)
Shale
Siltstone
Sandstone
This indicates
where gas is in
the sand pores
Gas
Siltstone
Sandstone
Shale
Sandstone
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F W Schroeder
04
Where do the
resistivity logs
give different
values?
This indicates
where the fluids
in the rocks
differ from the
drilling fluid
In this case, it
confirms the
gas zone
Courtesy of ExxonMobil
Caliper
MSFL
NPHI
Gamma Ray
SFL
RHOB)
Shale
Siltstone
Sandstone
Formation Fluid
similar to
Drilling Fluid
Formation
Fluid
different
from
Drilling
Fluid
Gas
Water or Oil
Water or Oil
Water or Oil
Water or Oil
Siltstone
Sandstone
Shale
Sandstone
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04
F W Schroeder
04
Well B
Well C
Well D
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04
Lithostratigraphy
Well A
Well B
Well C
Well D
Coastal Plain
Datum
Nearshore Sands
Shelf Mudstones
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F W Schroeder
04
Chronostratigraphy
Well A
Well B
Well C
Well D
Coastal Plain
s
e Sand
r
o
h
s
r
Nea
Shelf Mudstones
Index
Fossil
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F W Schroeder
04
Does It Matter?
A
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Lithostratigraphy
Based on Van Wagoner et al., 1990
C
D
Chronostratigraphy
Based on Van Wagoner et al., 1990
F W Schroeder
04
SP
for
lithology
Base Map
Well 1
Shale Baseline
Resistivity
Markers
Resistivity
for
timecorrelation
Well 2
Well 3
Well 4
Well 5
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regional
unconformity
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04
Courtesy of ExxonMobil
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04
Well 4
Well 3
Well 2
Well 1
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F W Schroeder
04
Lithostratigraphic Correlation
Well 5
Well 4
Well 3
Well 2
Well 1
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F W Schroeder
04
Chronostratigraphic Correlation
Well 5
Well 4
Well 3
Well 2
A
B
A
B
D
E
D
E
A
B
C
D
Well 1
F
G
H
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F W Schroeder
04
200 ft
1 mile
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Shelf Mudstones
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04
200 ft
1 mile
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Shelf Mudstones
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04