Introduction to UMTS

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Document Number: RK/CT/3/2010
This manual prepared by: MobileComm Technologies

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Objectives

Introduction
Introduction
At the end of this session, you will be able to:

Understand why 3G was created

Different services in 3G
How QoS is ensured by 3G

Mobile Network Evolution

1G
Analogue

2G
Digital

2.5G
Packet Data

GPRS
TDMA

Enhanced Data

WCDMA

EDGE

GSM
NMT

2.75G

384K

115K

TD-SCDMA
2M

TACS

cdma2000

AMPS
CDMA
1982-1996+

2M, 14M

1992-2002+

CDMA 1X

1X EV-DO

144K

2.4M

2001+

2004+

2002-2004+

A Third Generation of Mobile Systems: What

for?

A Third Generation of Mobile Systems: What

for?

Concepts of 3G - Mobiles

Voice & Music phone

PC / PDA PCMCIA card

Mobile Audio Video

Communicator

Standardization Bodies

T1

ETSI

TTC / ARIB

TTA

CWTS

= 3GPP2

TIA

Standardisation of 3G cellular
networks
ITU (Global guidelines and recommendations)
IMT-2000: Global standard for third generation (3G) wireless
communications

3GPP is a co-operation between standardisation bodies

ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America) and TTA (South
Korea)

GSM
EDGE

UMTS
WCDMA - FDD
WCDMA - TDD

TD-SCDMA

3GPP2 is a co-operation between standardisation bodies

ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), TIA (North America) and TTA (South Korea)

CDMA2000
CDMA2000 1x
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

3GPP Objectives

Indoor
low mobility

2 Mbit/s

Urban
reduced mobility

Rural outdoor
high mobility

384 kbit/s

144 kbit/s

Variable bit rate capability

Variable Quality Of Service (BER, delay)
Support of asymmetric traffic
Service multiplexing
High spectrum efficiency
European objective: ensure compatibility with
GSM

Added Value of UMTS

GSM/GPRS limitations

Comparison

UMTS solutions

Equipment: too much (some even have the

same functions)

Reduced number of equipment, technologies

Data rates: not sufficient for new types of services

Rates adapted to new services like visiophony,

live video (rates up to 2 Mbps)

Quality of Service (QoS): not really

QoS implemented to support delays, jitter, errors,

Services:

Services: the purpose of UMTS is to develop

services that are comparable with fixed networks and
are quick to implement

linked to core network

not able to evolve quickly
difficult to be operator-dependent

Some interfaces are not standardized

Core Network and Access Network are independent, in

order to allow interconnection of new Access Networks
without changing the Core Network

Added Value of UMTS

2G
Circuit-Switched Voice
Circuit-Switched Data
Short Message Service (SMS)

3G
Circuit-Switched AMR coded voice
Circuit-Switched data
Streaming
Packet Data
Multiservice: AMR coded voice + Packet data

Mobile Networks and Data Services

Maximum Theoretical Bandwidth

2G Mobile
2.5G (GPRS)
2.75G (EDGE)

3G Mobile
3G (UMTS)
3.5G or 3G+ (HSDPA and HSUPA)

GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSDPA
HSUPA
WiMAX
LTE

WiMAX ("3G" or "4G" depending on manufacturer)

Future: 4G (LTE)

160kbps
384Kbps
2Mbps *
14.4Mbps *
5.7Mbps *
75Mbps *
100Mbps ? *
* : Per cell bandwidth (not per user)

UMTS QoS class

Call

PS Call

CS Call

CS Data Call

Interactive Class

Background Class

PS Data Call

PS Data Call

CS Voice Call

NRT Data Call

Conversational Class

Streaming Class

CS Data Call

PS Data Call

RT Data Call

Why do we need QoS?

UMTS networks support services with very different

performance requirements
Real-time services require performance guarantees
Customer acceptance closely tied to service quality
Optimal usage of network resources
Radio resources scarce
Cost-effectiveness
Return of investment
Service and user differentiation
Meet different needs of customers
(e.g. business vs. consumer)
Performance Requirements
Support different services
Sensitivity
Application
Bandwidth
Delay
Jitter
(real-time vs. best effort)
Video call
High
High
High
Competitive advantage!
Streaming
High
Med
Med

Loss
Med
Med

Web browsing

Med

Med

Low

High

E-mail

Low

Low

Low

High

QoS Traffic Classes

QoS Traffic Classes

Traffic class

Characteristics

Example
application

Conversational

Preserve time relation between

information entities of the stream.
Conversational pattern (stringent
and low delay)

Speech
Video calls

Preserve time relation between

information entities of the stream.

Real-time
streaming
video

Streaming

Interactive

Background

Request-response pattern.
Preserve payload content.

Demanding
Delay
Jitter
Demanding

Web
browsing

Destination is not expecting the

E-mail
data within a certain time. Preserve File
payload content.
downloading

Bit rate
Jitter
Tolerant
Delay and bit rate
can vary
Integrity
Easiest
Delay and bit rate
can vary
Integrity

QoS for different services

UMTS BEARERS
QoS support in UMTS is based on the concept of bearer service

A bearer is a logical connection between two end points with specific

service capabilities
A bearer service includes all aspects to enable the provision of a
contracted QoS (e.g., controlling, signalling, user plane transport,
management functionalities).
The Attributes (QoS Parameters) of a Bearer Service can be negotiated at
the beginning of connection and during a connection Several different
Bearer Services can be established simultaneously by one UE
Important Quality Parameters are
Maximum transfer delay
Delay variation
Bit error ratio
Data rate

UMTS BEARERS : Example

QoS Differentiation
Video
telephony
Streaming

Conversational RAB
Streaming RAB

Push-to-talk

Interactive RAB
Interactive RAB

Web
browsing

Background RAB

MMS

Each service gets the treatment it requires according to the QoS profile
Network resources are shared according to the service needs
Network resources can be used more efficiently

UMTS Network Structure

CS domain

GERAN

MSC/VLR

GSM /GPRS BSS

PSTN/other PLMN

GMSC

BSC

HLR/AUC

BTS
PCU

SCE

Gb

SS7
SMS

Iu-CS
RNC
NodeB

UTRAN

SCP

Iu-PS

Internet,

PS backbone

SGSN

CG

PS domain

GGSN

Intranet

BG
Other PLMN

WCDMA Interfaces

MSC

MSC

SGSN

Iu-CS

A Interface

Iu-PS

Gb

BSC
BSS

SGSN

A-bis

BTS

GERAN
Um

RNC
UTRAN

GSM

RNC
Iub

Iub

NodeB

NodeB

Uu

Uu

UE

Iur

UE

UE

WCDMA

Radio Network Interfaces

Iu
Iu PS
Connection to the packet switched core network domain
SGSN/GGSN
Iu CS
Connection to the circuit switched core network domain
MSC
Protocol RANAP

Iur
RNC interconnection
[eg: for SHO support ]
Protocol RNSAP

Iub

Core Network

Iu

Connection for the RBS to the RNC

Protocol NBAP

Uu
Air Interface to the UE
Protocol RRC, RLC, MAC

RNC

Iur
RNC

Iub
Node
B
Node
B

Node
B

Uu

UE

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