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Minimum Requirements
Hardware:
NIC Network Interface Card
Communication Medium
-Through CABLE
-Wireless
Networking Devices
-HUB
-SWITCH
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Minimum Requirements
Software:
Operating System Platform
MS, NOVELL, LINUX etc.,
NIC drivers
PROTOCOL
Optional Application Software
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Network Adapter

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Network Adapter
Chipset

Boot-Rom Socket

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RJ 45 Socket

RJ 45 Jack

Indication for
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LINK/ACT

Wireless Network adapter (USB)

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Types of Network Interface Cards


Arcnet card 2mbps
Ethernet card 10 mbps
Fast-Ethernet card 10/100 mbps
Gigabit Network card 10/100/1000
mbps
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Some familiar Brands


COMPEX
DAX
D-Link

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Communication Medium

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Communication Medium
1.Through cables
-includes cables, NIC, Hub, switch etc.,
2.Wireless
-includes wireless NIC, access-point.

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1.Co-axial

CABLES
Types:
1.Thinnet
-10base2
-185mts
2.Thicknet
-10base5
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-500mts

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CABLES-UTP-Unshielded Twisted Pair


Types:
1.CAT 3 10Mbps
2.CAT 5 100Mbps
3.CAT 5e & 6- 1000Mbps
Colors:
1.Orange
5.Blue
2.Orange-White
6.Blue-White
3.Brown
7.Green
4.Brown-White
8.Green-White
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CABLES-Optical Fiber

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Networking Devices
HUB
An Ethernet HUB is a
device for connecting
multiple COMPUTERS
together through
twisted pair

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Networking Devices
SWITCH

SWITCH is a
device similar to a
hub that enables
the connection of
multiple
computers.

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Hub Vs Switch
HUB
*Shares the total bandwidth of the network.
*10 hosts in a 10Mbps LAN will have 1Mbps only
*When a hub receives a data packet, it broadcasts it to
all the ports.
*The pc to which the data packet has been addressed
will receive the packet

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HUB Vs SWITCH
SWITCH
*Each and every pc will have full bandwidth
*10 hosts in a 10Mbps LAN will have 10Mbps.
*When a switch port receives data packets, it
forwards those packets only to the appropriate
port

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Topology

The shape of a network.

The map or plan of the network.

The physical layout of a network


including all devices and cables
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BUS-Topology
Co-axial

Terminator

T-connector

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Bus Topology
All devices are connected to a
central cable, called the bus or
backbone.

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Co-axial cable is used


Type
1.Thinnet (185 mts)
2.Thicknet (500 mts)
Maximum No: of hosts = 255 only
Terminator (50 ohms resistance) is
used to terminate the cable ends.
T connector is used to tap the pc
from the cable

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Star-Topology
Hub/Switch

UTP

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STAR TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to a
central hub. Nodes communicate
across the network by passing data
through the hub.

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UTP cable is used


Maximum distance between a PC
and HUB or SWITCH should be 100
meters.
Maximum distance from PC to PC
should be 25 Meters.
Number of Hosts depends on the
available ports in a HUB or
SWITCH.

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Ring-Topology

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Ring Topology
All devices are connected to one
another in the shape of a closed
loop, so that each device is
connected directly to two other
devices, one on either side of it.

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Mesh-Topology

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Mesh Topology
Devices are connected with many
redundant interconnections between
network nodes. In a true mesh
topology every node has a
connection to every other node in
the network

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CRIMPING
1.Straight Through
1 orange
2 orange-white
3 brown
4 brown-white
5 blue
6 blue-white
7 green
8 green-white

-1 orange
-2 orange-white
-3 brown
-4 brown-white
-5 blue
-6 blue-white
-7 green
-8 green-white
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2.Cross-over
orange
orange-white
brown
brown-white
blue
blue-white
green
green-white

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1 brown
2 blue-white
3 orange
4 brown-white
5 blue
6 orange-white
7 green
8 green-white

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CASCADING
1

16

HUB 1
16 PORT
HUB

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HUB 2
16 PORT
HUB

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HUB 3
16 PORT
HUB

16

HUB 4
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16 PORT
HUB

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Maximum 4 hubs can only be


cascaded.
Maximum distance between hubs
should be 100 meters.
Uplink to uplink
Uplink to normal
Normal to uplink
Normal to normal
Connecting methods and
specifications may vary with models
and manufacturers.
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