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MILITARY
DECISION
MAKING
PROCESS
MDMP 1
STAFF ACTIONS
INFO TO CDR
STAFF
EST
INFO TO STAFF
MSN ANALYSIS
RESTATED MSN
CDRS GUIDANCE
MISSION ANALYSIS
PROPOSED RESTATED MSN
COA DEVELOPMENT
COA DEVELOPMENT/
ANALYSIS
COA ANALYSIS,
COMPARISON,
RECOMMENDATION
PREP PLAN/
ORDER/FRAGO
COA COMPARISON
AND DECISION
ISSUE PLAN/
ORDER/FRAGO
CDRS
EST
PLAN/ORDER/
FRAGO APPROVAL
MSN RECD BY
SUB UNITS
EXECUTION
MDMP 2
WARNING ORDER
MISSION ANALYSIS
WARNING ORDER
COA DEVELOPMENT
COA ANALYSIS
COA COMPARISON
COA APPROVAL
WARNING ORDER
ORDERS PRODUCTION
REHEARSAL
EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT
FM 101-5 pg 5-2
MDMP 3
Receipt of mission
Mission analysis
Course of action development
Course of action analysis
Course of action comparison
Course of action approval
Orders production
FM 101-5 pg 5-3
MDMP 5
Output
Receipt of Mission
- Initial Assessment
- Update Staff Estimates
- Prepare for Mission Analysis
Input
Mission
Staff Estimates
Facts & Assumptions
Mission Analysis
- Analysis of Higher Msn/Intent
- Identify Specified / Implied Tasks /
Essential Tasks
- Review Task Org / Assets
- Determine Restrictions / Constraints
- Assess Risk
- Identify Critical Facts / Assumptions
Definition of
Commanders Intent
The commanders intent is a clear, concise statement of
what the force must do to succeed with respect to the
enemy and the terrain, and the desired end state. It
provides the link between the mission and the concept of
operations by stating the key tasks that, along with the
mission, are the basis for subordinates to exercise initiative
when unanticipated opportunities arise or when the original
concept of operations no longer applies. Intent is normally
expressed in four or five sentences and is mandatory for all
orders. The mission and the commanders intent must be
understood two echelons down.
Combined Arms . . . Decisive Victory
FM 101-5 pg 5-9
MDMP 8
Intent Statement
Commanders intent statement should state
the following:
Key tasks
End state
FM 101-5 pg 5-9
MDMP 9
Examples
Tempo
Duration
Terrain that must be controlled
Effect on the enemy
FM 101-5 pg 5-9
MDMP 10
Commander's Intent
I want to rapidly defeat the remaining enemy forces in zone to PL ALABAMA to
establish a covering force. The covering force will protect the division until we are
prepared for combat and facilitate the forward passage of the heavy brigades, allowing
the heavy brigades to rapidly defeat enemy forces in zone to PL FLORIDA, and posture
the division to destroy any enemy counterattacks across the international border. End
state is the international border restored and the division defending in sector along PL
FLORIDA prepared to defeat any enemy attacks across the international border.
MDMP 11
MDMP 12
FM 101-5 pg 5-7
MDMP 13
FM 101-5 pg 5-8
MDMP 14
COMMANDER
X
X
X
X
X
RTOs/CLERKS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FM 101-5 pg K-2
MDMP 15
COMMANDER
X
X
X
X
X
RTOs/CLERKS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FM 101-5 pg K-2
MDMP 16
MILITARY DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
Workshop #2
MDMP 17
Output
Suitability
Feasibility
Acceptability
Distinguishability
Completeness
FM 101-5 pg 5-11
MDMP 19
COA #1
CFL 52 DIV
200100 MAY 97
42
OBJ
SABER
CFL 52 DIV
200100 MAY 97
LOA
(PL WISCONSIN)
TONGDUCH
O/O FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
OBJ KNIFE
PL IOWA
AA
SCABBARD
PL IOWA
PL NEBRASKA
PL NEBRASKA
3 X 1
LD/LC
(PL NEVADA)
OBJ
BAYONET
O/O FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
X
52 ID X MNC
X
LD/LC
(PL NEVADA)
57
03
Course of Action: BDE attacks frontally with two task forces abreast at 200630 May 97 with a mech heavy task force conducting
the main attack in zone in the east to seize OBJ BAYONET to defeat an enemy battalion. Priority of indirect fires initially to
counterbattery then neutralization of enemy forces at the point of attack. Smoke will be used to isolate enemy positions at the
point of attack. A 20 minute prep on the OBJs will be fired to suppress enemy forces. An infantry battalion conducts a supporting
attack in zone in the west to seize OBJ KNIFE to defeat an enemy battalion. A tank heavy task force follows the mech heavy task
force and assumes the main effort to defeat the second echelon battalion vicinity OBJ SABER. Lead battalions provide frontal and
flank security. A mech team, brigade reserve, follows the tank heavy task force prepared to reinforce the main effort or respond to
threats to LOC. DS, R artillery and Q36 radar will initially position forward along PL NEVADA. One battery from the DS and one
battery from the R battalion will initially move behind the lead Co/Tms in the right and left zone, respectively. The Q36 radar will
move with the mech heavy TF. BDE
Main CP will position
priorVictory
to attack. TAC CP will follow mech heavy TF.
Combined
Armsvic. .PL. NEVADA
Decisive
MDMP 20
Risk is accepted by having a small reserve in order to mass combat power on the objective.
COA #1
CFL 52 DIV
O/O
CFL 52 DIV
O/O
42
LOA
(PL WISCONSIN)
TONGDUCH
FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
X
TAC
PL IOWA
PL IOWA
X
EA
AUSTIN
MAIN
AA
SCABBARD
PL NEBRASKA
PL NEBRASKA
3 X 1
PL NEVADA
EA
DALLAS
AA
HILT
X
52 ID X MNC
X
PL NEVADA
57
03
Course of Action: On order, BDE defends from PL FLORIDA to PL NEVADA with two task forces abreast to defeat the advance
guard and lead battalions; a task force in depth, the defeat mechanism, will counter attack to defeat the enemy. Forward battalions
establish screen from PL WISCONSIN to PL FLORIDA. The tank heavy task force establishes a combat outpost in TONGDUCH
to engage enemy reconnaissance and force deployment of the Advanced Guard Battalion. Indirect fires neutralize Advance Guard in
security zone. A tank heavy task force, main effort, in the east defends in sector from PL FLORIDA to PL IOWA to defeat the advance
guard and first echelon battalion. An infantry battalion in the west defends in sector from PL FLORIDA to PL IOWA to defeat a first
echelon battalion. A mech heavy task force occupies AA SCABBARD; on order main effort counterattacks into EA DALLAS or
EA AUSTIN to defeat the second echelon battalion. Priority of fires to main effort battalion. Use blocking obstacles to shape EA DALLAS
or EA AUSTIN once enemy main effort is identified, to support mech heavy TFs CATK. A mech team, brigade reserve, occupies
AA HILT, prepared to defeat penetrations of PL NEBRASKA or respond to level II rear area threats. DS and R artillery with Q36 radar
positioned forward between PL FLORIDA
and PL IOWA.Arms
Risk is accepted
by having a Victory
small reserve in order to defeat penetrations of
Combined
. . . Decisive
MDMP 21
COA #1
CFL 52 DIV
200100 MAY 97
42
OBJ
SABER
CFL 52 DIV
200100 MAY 97
LOA
(PL WISCONSIN)
TONGDUCH
O/O FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
OBJ KNIFE
PL IOWA
AA
SCABBARD
PL IOWA
PL NEBRASKA
PL NEBRASKA
3 X 1
LD/LC
(PL NEVADA)
OBJ
BAYONET
O/O FEBA
(PL FLORIDA)
X
52 ID X MNC
X
LD/LC
(PL NEVADA)
57
03
Course of Action: BDE attacks frontally with two task forces abreast at 200630 May 97 with a mech heavy task force conducting
the main attack in zone in the east to seize OBJ BAYONET to defeat an enemy battalion. Priority of indirect fires initially to
counterbattery then neutralization of enemy forces at the point of attack. Smoke will be used to isolate enemy positions at the
point of attack. A 20 minute prep on the OBJs will be fired to suppress enemy forces. An infantry battalion conducts a supporting
attack in zone in the west to seize OBJ KNIFE to defeat an enemy battalion. A tank heavy task force follows the mech heavy task
force and assumes the main effort to defeat the second echelon battalion vicinity OBJ SABER. Lead battalions provide frontal and
flank security. A mech team, brigade reserve, follows the tank heavy task force prepared to reinforce the main effort or respond to
threats to LOC. DS, R artillery and Q36 radar will initially position forward along PL NEVADA. One battery from the DS and one
battery from the R battalion will initially move behind the lead Co/Tms in the right and left zone, respectively. The Q36 radar will
move with the mech heavy TF. BDE
Main CP will position
priorVictory
to attack. TAC CP will follow mech heavy TF.
Combined
Armsvic. .PL. NEVADA
Decisive
MDMP 22
Risk is accepted by having a small reserve in order to mass combat power on the objective.
MILITARY DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
Workshop #3
MDMP 23
Output
Staff COA
Remain unbiased
List advantages and disadvantages (as found)
Continually assess COA feasibility, acceptability, and
suitability
Avoid drawing premature conclusions and gathering
facts to support such conclusions
Compare COAs during comparison process: Not
during war game
FM 101-5 pg 5-16
MDMP 25
War
FM 101-5 pg 5-17
MDMP 26
1 OF 3
Modified COA
Modified location and timing of the decisive point
Identification of key terrain
Refinement of enemy event template & matrix
Refinement of task organization
Identification of subordinate units tasks
Allocation of combat, CS and CSS assets to subordinates
The synchronization matrix and decision support template
Estimate duration of each critical event / entire operation
Projection of enemy force destruction
Identification of location and commitment of reserve
Combined Arms . . . Decisive Victory
2 OF 3
Identify likely times and areas for enemy use of WMD and friendly
NBC requirements
Most dangerous enemy COA
Location of commander and CPs
Identify additional critical events
Identify additional CS and CSS requirements
Requirements for deception and surprise
Refined C2 requirements
Finalize CCIR and IR with LTIOV
Finalize R&S plan
Refined CCIR and incorporate into R&S plan and graphics
Combined Arms . . . Decisive Victory
3 OF 3
Input
War Game Results
Establish Criteria
Decision Matrix
- Assess Risk
- Compare COAs
- Recommendation
FM 101-5 pg 5-24
MDMP 31
MILITARY DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
Workshop #4
MDMP 32
MDMP 33
Orders
There is a type of staff officer who
seems to think that it is more important
to draft immaculate orders than to get
out a reasonably well-worded order in
time for action to be taken before the
situation changes or the opportunity
passes.
BH Liddell Hart
Thoughts on War
1933
MDMP 34
Input
Decision Matrix
Approved COA
- Select COA
- Assess Risk
- Specify Type of Order
Coordination
Flexibility
Clear, concise mission and intent statements
Centralized planning
Decentralized execution
Use of existing resources
Timeliness
Output
Orders Production
-
OPORD / OPLAN
XO
RECEIVE INFORMATION
Monitor situation
Receive messages/reports
Maintain journal
Update post unit locations
Update status boards/charts
DISTRIBUTE INFORMATION
Submit reports
Publish orders
Pass messages/reports within TOCs
ANALYZE INFORMATION
Review in/out going reports/orders
Conduct predictive analysis
Identify CCIR
Conduct TDMP
Serve as recorders
Develop terrain Sketches
prepare charts and overlays
MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS TO CDR
BATTLE CPT
STAFF NCOs
RTOs/CLERKS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
INTEGRATE/SYNCH RESOURCES
X
Reference: CALL Newsletter 95-12, DEC 95, Tactical Decision Making: Abbreviated Planning
MDMP 39
NCO Use
NCOs involvement
Enforce duties and responsibilities
Battlestaff trained NCOs
MDMP 40
FM 101-5 pg 5-2
MDMP 42
MILITARY
DECISION
MAKING
PROCESS
MDMP 44