Electromagnetic Induction Ch.

29
Induction experiments
(sec. 29.1)
Faradays law
(sec. 29.2)
Lenzs law
(sec. 29.3)
Motional electromotive force (sec. 29.4)
Induced electric fields
(sec. 29.5)
Eddy currents
(sec. 29.6)
Displacement Current
(sec. 29.7)
C 2012 J. F. Becker

Learning Goals - we will learn: ch 29

The experimental evidence that a changing
magnetic field induces an emf !
How Faradays Law relates the induced emf
in a loop to the change in magnetic flux
through the loop.
How a changing magnetic flux generates an
electric field that is very different from
that produced by an arrangement of
charges.
Four fundamental equations completely
describe both electricity and magnetism.

Current induced in a coil.

When B is constant and

the shape, location, and
orientation of the coil
does not change, the
induced current is zero
in the coil.

Conducting loop in increasing B field.

Magnetic flux through an area.

Lenzs Law
The induced emf (or
current) always tends
to oppose or cancel
the change that
caused it.

Lenzs law

Faradays Law of Induction

How electric generators, credit card readers, and
transformers work.
Eqn 29.3

A changing magnetic flux causes

(induces) an emf in a conducting loop.

C 2004 Pearson Education / Addison Wesley

Changing magnetic flux through a wire loop.

 = 90o

Alternator (AC generator)

 = 90o

DC generator

Slidewire generator

Magnetic force (F = IL x B) due to the induced current

is toward the left, opposite to velocity v.

Lenzs Law
The induced emf (or
current) always tends
to oppose or cancel
the change that
caused it.

Lenzs law

Currents (I) induced in a wire loop.

Motional induced emf ():

=vBL
because the potential
difference between a and b is
= V = energy / charge = W/q
= V = work / charge
V = F x distance / q
V = (q v B) L / q
so
=vBL

Length and velocity are

perpendicular to B

Solenoid with increasing current I which induces an emf

in the (yellow) wire. An induced current I is moved
through the (yellow) wire by an induced electric field E
in the wire.

Eddy currents
formed by induced emf in a rotating metal disk.

Metal detector an alternating magnetic field Bo

induces eddy currents in a conducting object moved
through the detector. The eddy currents in turn
produce an alternating magnetic field B and this field
induces a current in the detectors receiver coil.

DISPLACEMENT
CURRENT

A capacitor being charged by a current iC has a

displacement current between the plates equal to i C ,
with displacement current iD = A dE/dt. This
changing E field can be regarded as the source of the

A capacitor being charged by a current iC has a

displacement current equal to iC between the plates,
with

displacement current iD =

A dE/dt

From C = A / d and V = E d we can use

q = C V to get

q = ( A / d ) (E d ) = E A = and
from iC = dq / dt = A dE / dt = d / dt = iD
We now see that a
changing E field can produce a B field,
and from Faradays Law, a
changing B field can produce an E field or emf.

C 2011 J. Becker

MAXWELLS EQUATIONS
The relationships between
electric and magnetic fields
and their sources can be
stated compactly in four
equations, called
Maxwells equations.
Together they form a
complete basis for the
relation of E and B fields to
their sources.

C 2004 Pearson Educational / Addison Wesley

Determine
direction of
induced
current for
a) increasing B
b) decreasing
B

Lenzs law
(Exercise 29.16)

Lenzs law (Exercise 29.17)

Lenzs law (Exercise 29.18)

Motional emf and Lenzs law

(Exercise 29.21)

Motional emf and Lenzs law

(Exercise 29.26)

TRANSFORMERS
can step-up AC voltages
or step-down AC voltages.

Lenzs law (Exercise 29.18)

=d/ dt

TRANSFORMERS
can step-up AC
voltages or stepdown AC voltages.

2 / 1

= N2/N1

V1I1 = V2I1

Transformer: AC source is V1 and secondary provides a

voltage V2 to a device with resistance R.

Figure 32.2b

Large step-down transformers at power stations are

immersed in tanks of oil for insulation and cooling.

Figure 31.22

Figure 31.23

Review
See
www.physics.sjsu.edu/becker/physics51
C 2012 J. F. Becker