NUTRITION FOR

PREGNANCY
By The Second Group :
ZUHROTUL MUFIDAH (011211231002)
RIZQOTUL MAGHFIROH (011211231012)
AULA NURMASARI
(011211231026)
MITHA AYU PARAMEDHITA(011211232008)
ZUKHAILA SALMA (011211233008)
VERDHA AUDYA EUGELELLA(011211233014)
FENNY MARTINA DEWI (011211233024)

Introduction
Pregnancy is a normal physiological
things happen. Pregnancy is the period
from conception to birth. After the egg is
fertilized by a sperm and then implanted
in the lining of the uterus, it develops into
the placenta and embryo, and later into a
fetus.

When women getting pregnant, she is at

an increased risk for food borne illness
because
hormonal
changes
during
pregnancy weaken the immune system.
Pregnancy is not a good time to diet or
try to lose weight. Maternal nutrition is an
important influence affecting the course
and outcome of pregnancy.

Mothers in their pregnancy have variation

of nutrition needed in each trimester. Its
based on fetus growth, what nutrition
that he need during nine month to ten
days.

In the first trimester, the baby goes from

being a single cell to a tiny human
complete with a pumping heart, complex
brain, lungs, hands and feet.
They just need some nutrition to help the
developning of her baby.

These nutrition covers :

Folic acidplays an important role as your

baby's brain and spinal cord develop. Start
taking this supplement as soon as you're
thinking of making a baby.
Vitamin Chelps your body fight off infection
and aids with the absorption of iron. It also
helps make collagen. Your baby uses
collagen to make tendons and ligaments.
Ironis used to build hemoglobin, the
molecule in blood cells that carries oxygen.

Proteinis made of amino acids. These

tiny components for the building blocks
for every new cell your baby makes.
Vitamin Ahelps your baby form those
wee peepers whileB-complex
vitaminshelp protect against birth
defects and aid in making
energy.Vitamin Dboosts your immune
systems and helps build strong bones.

In the second trimester, mother need to start

eating for two. The baby has already been
formed and what it needs now is to grow.
So, the nutrients that should fulfilled in this
periode are :
Carbohydratesfor most pregnant women,
carbs should comprise 40 to 50 percent of
their daily calories.
Protein requirements increase during
pregnancy -- get a minimum of 60 grams per
day.

Essential fats
Vitamin A
B Vitamins
Folic Acid
Vitamin C
Magnesium
Iron
Chromium
Choline
Zinc
Selenium

Therefore, in the third trimester, the

mother needs adequate energy intake, in
order to cope with an increasingly heavy
burden, as well as a labor reserve for
later.

Here are nutrients that should be

fulfilled in the third trimester :

Calcium, throughout pregnancy and

especially during the third trimester, your
baby needs calcium to build healthy bones.
Fortunately, during pregnancy you absorb
calcium more efficiently from your diet, so
your growing babys needs are met.
Iron, the fetus accumulated most of its iron
during the last trimester of pregnancy, and
the iron needs of the fetus are met at the
expense of maternal iron stores.

Calorie needs during pregnancy is 70-80

thousand kcal, with a weight gain of 12.5
kg. For the last 20 weeks, required
additional calories around 285-300 kcal
per day. Calories are also useful for the
purpose of giving birth and breastfeeding.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), this vitamin is
needed to help the metabolism of amino
acids, carbohydrates, fats and the
formation of red blood cells.

Iodine needed to form a compound of

thyroxine to control each newly formed
cell metabolism
Thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin
(vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3)
these vitamins help enzymes to regulate
energy metabolism and the respiratory
system.

Water is a necessity of pregnant women

in the third trimester. Water is very
essential for the growth of new cells,
regulate body temperature, dissolving
and regulate metabolic processes
nutrients, as well as maintaining blood
volume increases during pregnancy.

Nutrition Excess in Pregnancy

Excess nutrients in pregnant women during pregnancy
will cause obesity which increases the risk of miscarriage.
After delivery, a variety of complications can still occur.
Infection after childbirth due to the large blood vessels
are clogged in pregnant women often occurs.
Its also effect fetus by maternal overnutrition, will
experience a significant weight gain. This is called the
Macrosomnia. This condition causes some health
problems in the fetus, such as Polycythaemia, the
concentration of red blood cells is too high. When born,
infants of mothers with excess nutrients pregnant women
usually trouble breathing, so need the assistance for its
respiratory.

Nutrition Deficiency in
Pregnancy

Nutritional anemia : problem with high

prevalence in pregnant women
Iodine deficiency : pregnant women in
the first trimester pregnancy is a major
factor occurrence of endemic cretin
Zinc deficiency during pregnancy can
result in fetal growth barriers, serotinus
pregnancy or prolonged labor

Deficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy

will result in increased prevalence of
prematurity and fetal retardation
Deficiency of vitamin A during pregnancy
will result in increased prevalence of
prematurity and fetal retardation.
thiamin deficiency If severe deficiency
can result in congenital disease beriberi.
calcium deficiency ,Calcium deficiency in
pregnant women will result in
abnormalities of bone structure as a
whole to the baby.

Energy and protein deficiency

Cause problem

Mother
Malnutrition in pregnant women can
lead to the risk and complications
Childbirth
Effect of malnutrition on the delivery
process can result in a long and difficult
childbirth, delivery earlier (premature)

Conclusion
During pregnancy mother need enough
and right nutrition in each trimester.
Because it may support the baby
development and growth, thats very
important. Excess or deficient in fullfilled
nutritions during pregnancy may defect
both mother and baby.

Reference

Ebrahim G.J Nutrition in pregnancy and the

growth of the fetus,in Nutrition in mother and
child health, 1 st.Ed
Osofsky HJ, OConnell EJ. Nutritional factors in
pregnancy affecting fetal groeth and
subsequent infant development,in Suskind RM:
Textbook of pediatric Nutrition, 1 st. Ed.
Snyder, Julie. Nutritional Needs During Your
First Trimester.
http://www.pregnancy.org/article/nutritional-need
s-during-your-first-trimester
. Diakses pada Selasa, 9 April 2013 pukul 20:21.

Thank you