ATM CH 2

Jurusan Elektro,
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia
Chapter 2 : Architecture
Jurusan Elektro,
2. ATM ARCHITECTURE
Based on B-ISDN Protocol Ref. Model
Consist of : control, user and management plane
for 3 distinct layers :
Physical - how cells are transmitted
ATM layer - flow control, mux/demux ,cell header
generation, VPI/VCI translation
AAL layer - maps higher layer services
Jurusan Elektro,
2. ATM Architecture - cont.

ITU-T Recommendation I.321
The C-plane, U-plane and M-plane
C-plane : Signaling & control function for
switched conn. (setting-up/tearing down)
U-plane : support application data transfer
M-plane : enables U and C planes work together
(plane mngmt.)
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2.1 B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model

Management Plane
Control Plane
Higher Layers
User Plane
Higher Layers
AAL
AAL
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
4
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2.2 Physical Layer

Responsible for transmitting cells between
two ATM hosts
Two Sub Layers :
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD), views cell
as continuous flow of bits
Transmission Convergence (TC): receive cells
form ATM layer, calculate HEC, send to PMD
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ATM Physical Layer Function
Physical
Layer
TC
PMD
Cell Rate Decoupling

HEC Header Processing
Cell Delineation
Transmission Frame Adaptation
Transmission Frame Generation
and Recovery
Bit Timing
Physical Medium
6
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2.2.1 ATM Physical Interfaces

Two Levels of UNI :
Public and Private UNI
Distance between the ATM host and switch
is the key differentiator
Some work with WAN and some other work
with LAN
Cabling is also different : SONET, UTP, etc
7
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Table 2.1. The Physical Layer ATM Interfaces
Description
ATM 25.6 Mb over UTP-325.6
51.84 Mb SONET STS-1 ov. UTP
155 Mb Fibre ch. Ov. MMF/STP
.
DS-1
..
622 Mb SONET STS-12c
Rate
Mbps
Spec
Public/
Private
UNI
ATM Forum Private

51.84
ATM Forum Private
155.52
ATM Forum Private
1.544
ITU-T G804
Public
622.08
ATM Forum Pub/Private

8
Jurusan Elektro,
2.3 ATM Layer

Functions of ATM layer :
Generate and extract cell headers
In Xmitt : 48 byte PDU is added with
headers (incl. VPI/VCI)
In Recv. : cell headers are removed - ATM
SDU is passed to AAL layer
Because of this, cell headers generation and
extraction are done in ATM end user
9
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ATM Layer - contd.

Cell mux and demux
In xmitt : cells from individual VPs or VCs
are combined into no continuous cell flow
and passed to PHY
In Recv. : non continous flow is demux into
individual VPs or VCs
VPI and VCI Translation
Traffic and congestion control
10
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ATM Layer - contd.

Management information is carried in
OAM cells :
F4 Flow provides segment or end to end VP
connectivity and uses VCI=3 and VCI=4
values
F5 flow provides segment or end to end VC
connectivity using PTI=4 and PTI=5
11
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ATM Layer OAM Flow

VP level Service at UNI
ATM
End User
Private
ATM
Switch
Public
ATM
Switch
F4 segment
F4 End to End
VC Level Service at
UNI
ATM
End User
F5 End to End
Private
ATM
Switch
F5 segment
Public
ATM
Switch
12
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ATM Layer - Conclusion
ATM
Layer
Cell Header
Generation/Extraction
Cell Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
VPI/VCI Translation
Traffic Management
Network Management
13
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2.4 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

Adapt flow of information received from
higher layer application like voice or data to
ATM layer
Due to many applications attached to ATM
switch, various parameters of information
unit must be considered :
Timing relationship source - destination,
Bit - rate and connection mode
14
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AAL Layer - cont.

Two sublayers :
Convergence Sublayer (CS) dan
Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)
Two sub-CS layers :
Common Part (CPCS), responsible for
packet framing and error detection
15
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AAL Layer - contd.

Service Specific (SSCP), provides
connection or connectionless oriented
services
Other Characteristics of AAL :
AALs are located on ATM end users
AALs are dependent on higher layer
application
16
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Table 2.2 ITU-T I.362 AAL Service Classification

Class A
Class B
Class C
Timing between source

And destination
Required
Required
Not Required Not Required
User def.
Bit Rate
Constant
Variable
Variable
User def.
Connection Mode
Connection
Oriented
Connection Connection
Oriented
Oriented
AA: type
AAL1
AAL2
AAL 3/4
and 5
Class D
Variable
Connectionless
AAL 3/4
and 5
Class X
Connect.
Oriented
AAL0
17
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Higher
Layer
Application
ATM - AAL
Structure
Higher Layer
Application
SAP
A
A
L
SAP
A
A
L
SSCS
CPCS
SAR
ATM
Physical
ATM
Physical
SSCS
CPCS
SAR
ATM
Physical
18
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2.4.1 AAL type 1 (AAL1)

Supports traffic Class A :
Connection between source & destination
Data is transferred at constant bit rate
Timing info is passed between source &
destination
Supports delay and timing sensitive application :
e.g. real time video
19
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AAL1 - contd.
Info is passed from higher layer appl. to
AAL1 CPCS form a 47 bytes segment
SAR then appends 1 byte SAR PDU header
The SAR PDU contains :
Sequence Number (SN) : 4 bits, divided
further into CS indicator (CSI) and
sequence count (SC)
20
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AAL1 - contd.
SNP : 4 bits, divided into CRC (3) and
parity (1)
AAL1 SAR PDU
SAR PDU header
Cell
header
CSI
1 bit
SN
4 bits
SCF : 3 bit
SNP
4 bits
Paylod - 47 bytes
CRC : 3 bits
Parity : 1
bit
21
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2.4.2. AAL type 2 (AAL2)

Supports class B traffic :
Conn. Exist between source & destination
Data is transferred at variable rate
Timing info is passed - source & destination
As of (1996) this recommendation is being
studied further - a probably will disappear
in the future
22
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2.4.3 AAL type 3/4 (AAL 3/4)

AAL 3/4 supports class C or D traffic
A conn. may or may not exist (s & d)
No timing info is passed
Two modes of operation :
Message mode and streaming mode of
service
23
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AAL3/4 CPCS-PDU
Payload
Header
CPI
Btag BASize
Trailer
User info , 65 Kbit
Pad
AL
Etag
Length
AAL 3/4 SAR - PDU

SAR PDU
payload
2 bytes
segment Seq
Cell
MID
number
type
header
SAR - PDU
trailer
2 bytes
Payload - 44 bytes
LI
CRC
24
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2.4.4 AAL type 5 (AAL 5)

Supports class C and class D traffic :
A connection may or may not exist between
source and destination.
No timing info is passed
Like AAL 3/4 it operates on message and
stream modes
25

ATM CH 2

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Jurusan Elektro,

Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Indonesia

2. ATM Architecture - cont.

2.1 B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model

2.2 Physical Layer

ATM Physical Layer Function

Cell Rate Decoupling

2.2.1 ATM Physical Interfaces

Table 2.1. The Physical Layer ATM Interfaces

622 Mb SONET STS-12c

ATM Forum Private

ATM Forum Pub/Private

2.3 ATM Layer

ATM Layer - contd.

ATM Layer - contd.

ATM Layer OAM Flow

ATM Layer - Conclusion

2.4 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

AAL Layer - cont.

AAL Layer - contd.

Table 2.2 ITU-T I.362 AAL Service Classification

Timing between source

Not Required Not Required

2.4.1 AAL type 1 (AAL1)

2.4.2. AAL type 2 (AAL2)

2.4.3 AAL type 3/4 (AAL 3/4)

User info , 65 Kbit

AAL 3/4 SAR - PDU

2.4.4 AAL type 5 (AAL 5)

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