Condition Assessment of

Transformers Using Dissolved

Gas Analysis (DGA)
END SEMESTER REVIEW
GOKUL HADA
JAYESH NARSINGHANI
MOHIT VERMA

Mentor :
Mr.
Vatsal Shah

DGA
What is Dissolved Gas
Analysis(DGA) ?
DGA is a technique/analysis widely
used to
asses the condition of a transformer
in
pre-fault/post-fault scenario by
observing or
calculating the ppm concentration
of gases

Methods Used in DGA

Key Gas Method Assessment of the
transformer done on the basis of the single
most concentrated gas formed.
Rogers Ratio Method Ratio of key gases taken
in order to asses the condition of the
transformer.
Duval Triangle Method Widely used method in
which the assessment of transformer is done
depending upon the %ppm concentration of
CH4,
C2H4 and C2H2.

Work Done Till MidSemester

Dissolved gas analysis was done for
two samples at ERDA, Baroda and
fault conditions were assessed.
Machines used for DGA in ERDA were
Perkin Elmers Turbomatrix 40 for
stirring the samples and Clarus 500
chromatographer for getting the
concentration of dissolved gases
formed.

Due to the absence or negligible concentration of key gases like methane, ethyl
and acetylene, it was concluded that the oil was not yet used in a transformer w
matched the actual condition of the oil.

Work Done After Mid-Sem

Eight samples were taken and
accordingly calculations and
assessments were done. Out
of those eight samples we will go
through four samples and see the
condition of transformers using DGA as
well as compare the results of the
three key DGA methods.

Key Gases

CH4

Concentrat
ion

30

Sample 1

H2
3
0

C2H2

0.000
1

C2
H4

C2H

20

578

CO2

CO

N2

551
8

56
4

10860
6

Key Gas method-

Rogers Ratio Ratios

Value

CH4/H2

C2H6/CH4

19.2

C2H4/C2H6

0.03

C2H2/C2H4

5*10-6

Overheated Cellulose
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

CO

H2

CH4
Column2

C2H6

C2H2

According to Rogers Ratio

method, we see that the
possible fault is overheating 150

Duvals Method-

ConclusionDiagnostic
Method

Individual
Result

Laboratory
Result

Key Gas
Method

Overheated
Cellulose

Thermal Fault
300 - 700 C

Doernenburg
Ratio
Method

NS

Thermal Fault
300 - 700 C

Rogers
Ratio
Method

Overheating
150 200 C

Thermal Fault
300 - 700 C

Duvals
Triangle

Medium
Thermal
Discharge 300
- 700 C

Thermal Fault
300 - 700 C

By using and plotting the classical Duval

triangle, we found that the fault diagnosed
is medium thermal discharge (300 - 700 C).

Sample 2
Key Gases

CH4

H2

C 2 H2

C 2 H4

C 2 H6

CO2

CO

N2

Concentra
tion

13

17

22

15

19

1993

165

85128

Key Gas Method-

Rogers Ratio-

Overheated Cellulose
80

Ratios

Value

CH4/H2

0.7

C2H6/CH4

1.46

C2H4/C2H6

0.786

C2H2/C2H4

1.46

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

CO

H2

CH4
Column2

C2H6

C2H2

According to Rogers Ratio

method, we see that the
possible fault is overheating

Duvals Method-

Conclusion Diagnostic
Method

Individual
Result

Laboratory
Result

Key Gas
Method

Overheated
Cellulose

High Energy
Discharge

Doernenburg
Ratio Method

NS

High Energy
Discharge

Rogers Ratio
Method

Overheating 200
300 C

High Energy
Discharge

Duvals
Triangle

High Energy
Discharge

High Energy
Discharge

using and plotting the classical Duval

angle, we found that the fault
gnosed is High energy discharge.

Sample 3
Key Gases

CH4

H2

C2H 2

C2H4

C2H 6

CO2

CO

N2

Concentrat
ion

62

0.0001

2556

470

76857

Key Gas Method -

Rogers Ratio -

Overheating Cellulose

Ratios

Value

CH4/H2

0.0483

C2H6/CH4

0.33

C2H4/C2H6

C2H2/C2H4

0.000033

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

CO

H2

CH4
Column2

C2H6

C2H2

According to Rogers Ratio method, we

see that the possible fault is medium
thermal fault.

Duvals Method -

ault point is on the boundary of

and T3 region.

ConclusionDiagnostic
Method

Individual
Result

Laboratory
Result

Key Gas
Method

Overheated
Cellulose

Medium
Thermal Fault
(300 7000 C)

Doernenburg
Ratio Method

NS

Medium
Thermal Fault
(300 7000 C)

Rogers Ratio
Method

Overheating
200 300 C

Medium
Thermal Fault
(300 7000 C)

Duvals
Triangle

Medium
Thermal Fault

Medium
Thermal Fault
(300 7000 C)

Sample 4
Key Gases

CH4

H2

C2H 2

C2H 4

C2H6

CO2

CO

N2

Concentrat
ion

4345

9474

12752

6517

353

432

504

Key Gas Method -

Rogers Ratio -

Overheating and Arcing in Oil

14000

Ratios

Value

CH4/H2

0.4586

C2H6/CH4

0.08124

C2H4/C2H6

18.46

C2H2/C2H4

1.95

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

CO

H2

CH4
Column2

C2H6

C2H2

According to Rogers Ratio method,

we see that the possible fault is
high energy discharge.

Duvals Method-

using and plotting the classical Duval

ngle, we found that the fault diagnosed
High thermal fault (7000 C).

ConclusionDiagnostic
Method

Individual
Result

Laboratory
Result

Key Gas
Method

Overheating
and arcing in
oil

Discharge
and High
Thermal Fault

Doernenbur
g Ratio
Method

NS

Discharge
and High
Thermal Fault

Rogers
Ratio
Method

High energy
discharge

Discharge
and High
Thermal Fault

Duvals
Triangle

High Thermal
Fault

Discharge
and High
Thermal Fault

Conclusion Unlike certain constrains in Rogers Ratio

Method and inaccuracies in Key Gas
Method, Duvals Triangle Method is widely
used.
With the help of Duvals Method, more no
of faults can be assessed as compared to
other methods.
Hence, Duvals Method is the most
accurate and efficient method to assess
the condition of a transformer.

References
Ena Narang, Er Shivanisehgal, Fault Detection Techniques for Maintenance
Using Dissolved gas Analysis, International Journal of Engineering Research&
Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1 Issue 6, pp. 01-07 August 2012.

Lelekakis. N, Martin. D, Wenyu Guo, Wijaya. J, Comparison of dissolved gas-inoil analysis methods using a dissolved gas-in-oil standard", Electrical Insulation
Magazine, IEEE , vol.27, no.5, pp.29,35, September-October 2011

AbubakarA. Suleiman1, Ali S. Alghamdi, Improving accuracy of DGA

interpretation of oil-filled power transformers needed for effective condition
monitoring, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and
Diagnosis 23-27 September 2012, Bali, Indonesia.

Sukhbir Singh, Dheeraj Joshi and M.N. Bandyopadhyay, Software

Implementation of Duval Triangle Technique for DGA in Power Transformers,
International Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 529-540, 2011.
A. Akbari, A. Setayeshmehr, H.Borsi, E.Gockenbach, "A software
Implementation of the Duval Triangle Method, Leibniz Universitat Hannover,
Callinstr. 25 A, 30167
Hannover, Germany.

THANK YOU!!