 Hydrocarbon emissions result when the

fuel in the engines doesn’t burn

completely.
 Released during hot days because of
evaporation and when refuelling.
 Hydrocarbons react with Nitrogen
oxides and sunlight to form
photochemical smog
 Formed when Nitrogen and Oxygen
atoms in the air react, under high
temperatures/pressures present in a
car’s engine.
 Like Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides
lead to the formation of photochemical
smog and also, acid rain.
 Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution produced
when sunlight acts upon motor vehicle exhaust gases to
form harmful substances such as ozone (O3), aldehydes
and peroxyacetylnitrate (CH3CO-OO-NO2 )
› N2(g) + O2(g) -----> 2NO(g)
› 2NO(g) + O2(g) -----> 2NO2(g)
› sunlight
› NO2(g) ---------->NO(g)+O(g)
› O + O2 -----> O3
› NO(g) + O3(g) -----> NO2(g) + O2(g)
› sunlight
› NO2(g) + O2(g) + hydrocarbons--------->CH3CO-OO-NO2(g)
 Decreases visibility
 Can also be a cause of lung and heart disease
as well as eye problems.
 Can lead to cancer
 Stunts plant growth
 Causes damage to plastic and any synthetic
material

 
 Alsoformed from the incomplete
combustion of hydrocarbons, and
occurs when Carbon atoms in the fuel
are partially oxidised, rather than fully.
› 2C(s) + O2(g) ---> 2CO(g)
 Inhibitsthe red blood cells’ capacity to
carry oxygen
 Damages buildings and crops when
mixed with other chemicals to form
ground level Ozone (photochemical
smog)
 Complex mixture of organic and
inorganic substances, present in the
atmosphere as both liquids and solids.
 Particulates involved in car exhaust are
secondary: formed by reactions
involving other pollutants such as
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
 They help towards the formation of
Acid rains
 They are a major cause of Premature
death
 Can cause irritation to throat, eyes and
nose, eventually, if severe can lead to
cardiovascular diseases and in extreme
cases, death.
 Produced when hydrocarbons are
burnt.
C7H16 + 11 O2 --> 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
+ energy
 Carbon dioxide isn’t poisonous but is a
greenhouse gas, thus, it leads to
excessive global warming
 Formed from impurities in petrol.
 Can lead to the formation of Acid Rain
Sulfuric acid is a
strong acid, it readily
dissociates in water,
to give an H+ ion and
an HSO4- ion. The
HSO4- ion may further
dissociate to give
H+ and SO42-  . Thus,
the presence of
H2SO4 causes the
concentration of
H+ ions to increase
dramatically, and so