Topic of Presentation

Samples of other Informative Reports

Muntazir will present on Weather

I Information Report
INFORMATION:
 Knowledge derived from
study, experience, or instruction
INFORMATION REPORTS:
 Report used to forward raw
information collected to fulfill intelligence
requirements and audience.
WHEATHER REPORT:
 A statement of the actual
values of meteorological elements observed at
a specified place and time. It is a record of an
observation, not a forecast
 Sample Weather Report of
city
Average wind speed 9.32 m/s (20.85 mph )
Wind direction 213 0
Atmospheric pressure 763 mbar
External temperature 15.69 °C
Internal temperature 18.4 °C
Raining No
External humidity 44 %
Internal humidity 41 %
Solar radiation 98 watts/square meter
 Modern day weather forecasting system

 Data collection
 Data assimilation
 Numerical weather prediction
 Model output post-processing
 Forecast presentation to end-user
Tips For Weather Report
 Study the weather maps
 The weather is constantly being
measured all over the world. This data
goes into weather maps that you can
find on the Internet. These maps show
cold and warm fronts, rainfall,
cloudiness, and other information you
need to make your forecast.
 Review information about weather
symbols shown below. Then study the
online weather maps to see what can
learn about current and predicted
weather.
 Warm and Cold Fronts
 Bluelines are cold
fronts and red lines
are warm fronts
High and Low Pressure Systems.

• A blue "H" means a center of high pressure

(usually calm, sunny weather).
 A red "L" means low pressure (which can mean
storminess). Most fronts extend from low-
pressure centers
 Cloud Cover
 Each circle represents
a weather station. The
circle at each station is
empty if skies are
clear. The circle is
white if it’s cloudy. A
line within the circle or
a half-filled circle
means "partly cloudy."
 Wind and Wind Direction
 The little arrows attached to each weather station point in the direction
the wind is blowing from. The more barbs at the end of each arrow, and
the longer they are, the harder the wind is blowing. Each long barb is 10
knots (about 11.5 miles per hour or 18 kilometers per hour). Each short
barb is half that amount. A barb that looks like a triangle is blowing at 50
knots (about 58 mph or 80 kph).
 Air Temperature
The number to the upper left of each station is the air temperature in degrees F
(for U.S. maps) or degrees C (for other countries).
Dew Point
The number to the lower left of each station is the dew point temperature in
degrees F (for U.S. maps) or degrees C (for other countries). The dew point is a
measure of moisture; it shows how much you'd have to cool the air to get a
relative humidity of 100 percent. The higher the dew point, the more water vapor
there is for producing rain or snow.
Barometric Pressure
The number to the upper right of each station is the barometric pressure. Since the
pressure goes down with altitude, this reading has been adjusted to show the
pressure as if the station were at sea level. The typical sea-level pressure is a little
bit more than 1000 millibars. (The number is in kilopascals (kPa), which is the
same as millibars).
The number has been compressed to fit the map by lopping off the first one or two
digits (which are always a "10" or a "9") and omitting the decimal point before the
last digit. For example, the code "085" would mean 1008.5 millibars, while 954
would be 995.4 millibars.
 Put it all together!
 See if you can find any lines that go around
centers of high and low pressure. They are called
isobars; they connect stations with equal
barometric pressure, so you can see where the
highs and lows are. The wind usually follows the
isobars, with a slight trend in the direction of the
low pressure area.
 Look at the wind direction around your forecast
city. Is the air blowing from colder areas toward
your city, or is warmer air moving in?
 Will clouds or precipitation be coming, and if so, a
lot or a little?
 Will there be rain, sleet, or snow?
Study the satellite images
 Satelliteimages show the amount of cloud
cover. Clouds can act like a blanket
helping to keep night warmer if the sky is
clear. But clouds during the daytime can
block the sun and keep temperatures
cooler.
 What does the image show? Is there much
cloud cover? Do you think it will increase
or decrease, based on what you have
learned from the weather maps?
 Study actual weather
forecasts for your city
 Ineach country, the government
issues an official forecast. However,
you may see a different forecast in
newspapers, television stations, and
online services. These may not agree
with each other.
 Weather forecast
problems
 Storms have thousands of miles of
unimpeded progress as they cross the
Pacific.  As they approach the West Coast,
the continent gets in their way and they are
squeezed to get through.  You can see the
storms hit this High pressure pocket of air
and start to stagger, hence the reason the
timing is usually off on when the rain or
winds will start.  Sometimes the storm is
almost completely dissipated.