Lab 3

Programming in Matlab
Flow control - selection

function
functioncal(x,y,o)
cal(x,y,o)
The switch construction
switch(o)
switch(o)
Switch<expression>
case
case'+'
'+'
case <condition>,
x+y
x+y
<statement>
otherwise< condition
>,
< statement>
case
case'-''-'
x-y
x-y
case
case'*'
'*'
end
x*y
x*y
case
case'/''/'
x/y
x/y
end
Plotting in Matlab
TWO-DIMENSIONAL plot() COMMAND

The basic 2-D plot command is:
plot(x,y)
where x is a vector (one dimensional array), and y is a vector.
Both vectors must have the same number of elements.
The plot command creates a single curve with the
the abscissa (horizontal axis) and the
(vertical axis).
x values on
y values on the ordinate
The curve is made from segments of lines that connect the

points that are defined by the
elements in the two vectors.
and
coordinates of the
PLOT OF GIVEN DATA
Given data:
x
7.5
10
6.5
5.5
A plot can be created by the commands shown below. This can be

done in the Command Window, or by writing and then running a
script file.
>> x=[1 2 3 5 7 7.5 8 10];
>> y=[2 6.5 7 7 5.5 4 6 8];
>> plot(x,y)
Once the plot command is executed, the Figure Window opens with
the following plot.
PLOT OF GIVEN DATA
LINE SPECIFIERS IN THE plot() COMMAND
Line specifiers can be added in the plot command to:
Specify the style of the line.
Specify the color of the line.
Specify the type of the markers (if markers are desired).
plot(x,y,line specifiers)
plot(x,y,line specifiers)
Line
Style
Solid
dotted
dashed
dash-dot
Specifier
:
--.
Line
Color
red
green
blue
Cyan
magenta
yellow
black
Specifier
r
g
b
c
m
y
k
Marker Specifier
Type
plus sign
circle
asterisk
point
square
diamond
+
o
*
.
s
d
10
The specifiers are typed inside the plot() command as strings.

Within the string the specifiers can be typed in any order.
The specifiers are optional. This means that none, one, two, or
all the three can be included in a command.
EXAMPLES:
plot(x,y)
A solid blue line connects the points with no markers.
plot(x,y,r)
A solid red line connects the points with no markers.
plot(x,y,--y)
A yellow dashed line connects the points.
plot(x,y,*)
The points are marked with * (no line between the

points.)
plot(x,y,g:d)
A green dotted line connects the points which are

marked with diamond markers.
PLOT OF GIVEN DATA USING LINE
SPECIFIERS IN THE plot() COMMAND
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Sales (M)
127
130
136
145
158
178
211
>> year = [1988:1:1994];

>> sales = [127, 130, 136, 145, 158, 178, 211];
>> plot(year,sales,'--r*')
Line Specifiers:
dashed red line and
asterisk markers.
11
PLOT OF GIVEN DATA USING LINE
SPECIFIERS IN THE plot() COMMAND
12
Dashed red line and

asterisk markers.
Formatting the plots
13
Plot title EXAMPLE OF A FORMATTED 2-D PLOT
Light Intensity as a Function of Distance
1200
14
Legend
Theory
Experiment
y axis
label
1000
Text
Tick-mark
INTENSITY (lux)
800
Comparison between theory and experiment.
600
400
Data symbol
200
10
12
x axis
label
14
16
18
DISTANCE (cm)
20
22
24
Tick-mark label
FORMATTING PLOTS
A plot can be formatted to have a required appearance.
With formatting you can:
Add title to the plot.
Add labels to axes.
Change range of the axes.
Add legend.
Add text blocks.
Add grid.
15
FORMATTING COMMANDS
title(string)
Adds the string as a title at the top of the plot.
xlabel(string)
Adds the string as a label to the x-axis.
ylabel(string)
Adds the string as a label to the y-axis.
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])

Sets the minimum and maximum limits of the x- and y-axes.
16
FORMATTING COMMANDS
legend(string1,string2,string3)
Creates a legend using the strings to label various curves
(when several curves are in one plot). The location of the
legend is specified by the mouse.
text(x,y,string)
Places the string (text) on the plot at coordinate x,y relative to
the plot axes.
17
EXAMPLE OF A FORMATTED PLOT
Syntax:
colo
r
line
marker
plot(x1,
plot(x1, y1,
y1, 'clm1',
'clm1', x2,
x2, y2,
y2, 'clm2',
'clm2', ...)
...)
Example:
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
y=sin(x);
y=sin(x);
z=cos(x);
z=cos(x);
plot(x,y,x,z)
plot(x,y,x,z)
title('Sample
title('Sample Plot','fontsize',14);
Plot','fontsize',14);
xlabel('X
xlabel('X values','fontsize',14);
values','fontsize',14);
ylabel('Y
ylabel('Y values','fontsize',14);
values','fontsize',14);
legend('Y
data','Z
legend('Y data','Z data')
data')
grid
grid on
on
18
19
Sample Plot
Title
Ylabel
Grid
Legend
Xlabel
20
Displaying Multiple Plots

Two typical ways to display multiple curves in
MATLAB (other combinations are possible)
One figure contains one plot that contains
multiple curves
Requires the use of the command hold (see
MATLAB help)
One figure contains multiple plots, each plot
containing one curve
Requires the use of the command subplot
One Plot Contains Multiple Curves
Example:
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
y=sin(x);
y=sin(x);
z=cos(x);
z=cos(x);
plot(x,y,x,z)
plot(x,y,x,z)
grid
grid on
on
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
y=sin(x);
y=sin(x);
z=cos(x);
z=cos(x);
plot(x,y,b)
plot(x,y,b)
hold
hold on
on
plot(x,z,g)
plot(x,z,g)
hold
hold off
off
grid
grid on
on
21
Sample Plot
22
23
Subplots
subplot divides the current figure into rectangular panes that
are numbered rowwise.
subplot(rows,cols,index)
Syntax: subplot(rows,cols,index)
subplot(2,2,1);
subplot(2,2,1);

subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,2)
...
...
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,3)
...
...
subplot(2,2,4)
subplot(2,2,4)
...
...
One Figure Contains Multiple Plots
Example:
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
x=[0:0.1:2*pi];
y=sin(x);
y=sin(x);
z=cos(x);
z=cos(x);
subplot(1,2,1);
subplot(1,2,1);
plot(x,y)
plot(x,y)
subplot(1,2,2)
subplot(1,2,2)
plot(x,z)
plot(x,z)
grid
grid on
on
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25
26
27
28
29
30
31
THE END
32

Lab 3

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Lab 3

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Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Programming in Matlab

Flow control - selection

TWO-DIMENSIONAL plot() COMMAND

y values on the ordinate

The curve is made from segments of lines that connect the

A plot can be created by the commands shown below. This can be

LINE SPECIFIERS IN THE plot() COMMAND

The specifiers are typed inside the plot() command as strings.

A solid blue line connects the points with no markers.

A solid red line connects the points with no markers.

A yellow dashed line connects the points.

The points are marked with * (no line between the

A green dotted line connects the points which are

>> year = [1988:1:1994];

Dashed red line and

Formatting the plots

axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])

Displaying Multiple Plots

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