Other experimental designs

Randomized Block design

Latin Square design
Repeated Measures design

The Randomized Block Design

 Suppose a researcher is interested in how

several treatments affect a continuous
response variable (Y).
The treatments may be the levels of a single
factor or they may be the combinations of
levels of several factors.
Suppose we have available to us a total of
N = nt experimental units to which we are
going to apply the different treatments.

The Completely Randomized (CR) design

randomly divides the experimental units into t
groups of size n and randomly assigns a
treatment to each group.

The Randomized Block Design

divides the group of experimental units into
n homogeneous groups of size t.
These homogeneous groups are called
blocks.
The treatments are then randomly assigned
to the experimental units in each block one treatment to a unit in each block.

The ANOVA table for the Completely Randomized Design

Source

df

Sum of Squares

Treatments

t-1

SSTr

Error

t(n 1)

SSError

Total

tn - 1

SSTotal

yij i ij(CR )

The ANOVA table for the Randomized Block Design

Source

df

Sum of Squares

Blocks

n-1

SSBlocks

Treatments

t-1

SSTr

Error

(t 1) (n 1)

SSError

Total

tn - 1

SSTotal

yij i j ij( RB )

Comments
( CR )

The error term, ij , for the Completely Randomized Design

models variability in the reponse, y, between experimental units

The error term, ij( RB,) for the Completely Block Design models
variability in the reponse, y, between experimental units in the
( CR )

same block (hopefully the is considerably smaller than ij .

The ability to detect treatment differences depends on the

magnitude of the random error term

Example Weight gain, diet, source of protein, level of protein

(Completely randomized design)

Randomized Block Design

Block
1

107
(1)

96
(2)

112
(3)

83
(4)

87
(5)

90
(6)

Block
6

128
(1)

89
(2)

104
(3)

85
(4)

84
(5)

89
(6)

102
(1)

72
(2)

100
(3)

82
(4)

70
(5)

94
(6)

56
(1)

70
(2)

72
(3)

64
(4)

62
(5)

63
(6)

102
(1)

76
(2)

102
(3)

85
(4)

95
(5)

86
(6)

97
(1)

91
(2)

92
(3)

80
(4)

72
(5)

82
(6)

93
(1)

70
(2)

93
(3)

63
(4)

71
(5)

63
(6)

80
(1)

63
(2)

87
(3)

82
(4)

81
(5)

63
(6)

111
(1)

79
(2)

101
(3)

72
(4)

75
(5)

81
(6)

10

103
(1)

102
(2)

112
(3)

83
(4)

93
(5)

81
(6)

The Anova Table for Diet Experiment

Source
Block
Diet
ERROR

S.S
5992.4167
4572.8833
3147.2833

d.f.
9
5
45

M.S.
F
665.82407
9.52
914.57667 13.076659
69.93963

p-value
0.00000
0.00000

Example 1:
Suppose we are interested in how weight gain
(Y) in rats is affected by Source of protein
(Beef, Cereal, and Pork) and by Level of
Protein (High or Low).
There are a total of t = 32 = 6 treatment
combinations of the two factors (Beef -High
Protein, Cereal-High Protein, Pork-High
Protein, Beef -Low Protein, Cereal-Low
Protein, and Pork-Low Protein) .

 Suppose we have available to us a total of N = 60

experimental rats to which we are going to apply the
different diets based on the t = 6 treatment
combinations.
Prior to the experimentation the rats were divided
into n = 10 homogeneous groups of size 6.
The grouping was based on factors that had
previously been ignored (Example - Initial weight
size, appetite size etc.)
Within each of the 10 blocks a rat is randomly
assigned a treatment combination (diet).

 The weight gain after a fixed period is

measured for each of the test animals and is
tabulated on the next slide:

Randomized Block Design

Block
1

107
(1)

96
(2)

112
(3)

83
(4)

87
(5)

90
(6)

Block
6

128
(1)

89
(2)

104
(3)

85
(4)

84
(5)

89
(6)

102
(1)

72
(2)

100
(3)

82
(4)

70
(5)

94
(6)

56
(1)

70
(2)

72
(3)

64
(4)

62
(5)

63
(6)

102
(1)

76
(2)

102
(3)

85
(4)

95
(5)

86
(6)

97
(1)

91
(2)

92
(3)

80
(4)

72
(5)

82
(6)

93
(1)

70
(2)

93
(3)

63
(4)

71
(5)

63
(6)

80
(1)

63
(2)

87
(3)

82
(4)

81
(5)

63
(6)

111
(1)

79
(2)

101
(3)

72
(4)

75
(5)

81
(6)

10

103
(1)

102
(2)

112
(3)

83
(4)

93
(5)

81
(6)

Example 2:
The following experiment is interested in
comparing the effect four different chemicals
(A, B, C and D) in producing water resistance
(y) in textiles.
A strip of material, randomly selected from
each bolt, is cut into four pieces (samples) the
pieces are randomly assigned to receive one of
the four chemical treatments.

 This process is replicated three times

producing a Randomized Block (RB) design.
Moisture resistance (y) were measured for
each of the samples. (Low readings indicate
low moisture penetration).
The data is given in the diagram and table on
the next slide.

Diagram: Blocks(BoltSamples)
9.9
10.1
11.4
12.1

C
A
B
D

13.4
12.9
12.2
12.3

D
B
A
C

12.7
12.9
11.4
11.9

B
D
C
A

Table
Chemical
A
B
C
D

Blocks (Bolt Samples)

1
2
3
10.1
12.2
11.9
11.4
12.9
12.7
9.9
12.3
11.4
12.1
13.4
12.9

The Model for a randomized Block Experiment

yij i j ij
i = 1,2,, t

j = 1,2,, b

yij = the observation in the jth block receiving the

ith treatment
= overall mean
i = the effect of the ith treatment

j = the effect of the jth Block

ij = random error

The Anova Table for a randomized Block Experiment

Source
Treat

S.S.
SST

d.f.
t-1

M.S.
MST

F
p-value
MST /MSE

Block

SSB

n-1

MSB

MSB /MSE

Error

SSE

(t-1)(b-1)

MSE

 A randomized block experiment is assumed to be

a two-factor experiment.
The factors are blocks and treatments.
The is one observation per cell. It is assumed that
there is no interaction between blocks and
treatments.
The degrees of freedom for the interaction is used
to estimate error.

The Anova Table for Diet Experiment

Source
Block
Diet
ERROR

S.S
5992.4167
4572.8833
3147.2833

d.f.
9
5
45

M.S.
F
665.82407
9.52
914.57667 13.076659
69.93963

p-value
0.00000
0.00000

The Anova Table forTextile Experiment

SOURCE
Blocks
Chem
ERROR

SUM OF SQUARES
7.17167
5.20000
0.53500

D.F.
2
3
6

MEAN SQUARE
3.5858
1.7333
0.0892

F
40.21
19.44

TAIL PROB.
0.0003
0.0017

 If the treatments are defined in terms of

two or more factors, the treatment Sum
of Squares can be split (partitioned)
into:
Main Effects
Interactions

The Anova Table for Diet Experiment

terms for the main effects and interactions between Level of Protein and Source of Protein

Source
Block
Diet
ERROR

Source
Block
Source
Level
SL
ERROR

S.S
5992.4167
4572.8833
3147.2833

S.S
5992.4167
882.23333
2680.0167
1010.6333
3147.2833

d.f.
9
5
45

d.f.
9
2
1
2
45

M.S.
F
665.82407
9.52
914.57667 13.076659
69.93963

M.S.
665.82407
441.11667
2680.0167
505.31667
69.93963

F
9.52
6.31
38.32
7.23

p-value
0.00000
0.00000

p-value
0.00000
0.00380
0.00000
0.00190

Using SPSS to analyze a

randomized Block Design
Treat the experiment as a two-factor
experiment
Blocks
Treatments

Omit the interaction from the analysis. It will

be treated as the Error term.

The data in an SPSS file

Variables are in columns

Select General Linear Model->Univariate

Select the dependent variable, the Block factor, the

Treatment factor.

Select Model.

Select a Custom model.

Put in the model only the main effects.

Obtain the ANOVA table

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: WTGAIN
Type III
Sum of
Source
Squares
Corrected Model 10564.033 a
Intercept
437418.8
DIET
4594.683
BLOCK
5969.350
Error
3134.150
Total
451117.0
Corrected Total 13698.183

df
14
1
5
9
45
60
59

Mean
Square
754.574
437418.8
918.937
663.261
69.648

F
10.834
6280.442
13.194
9.523

Sig.
.000
.000
.000
.000

a. R Squared = .771 (Adjusted R Squared = .700)

If I want to break apart the Diet SS into components representing

Source of Protein (2 df), Level of Protein (1 df), and Source Level
interaction (2 df) - follow the subsequent steps

Replace the Diet factor by the Source and level factors

(The two factors that define diet)

Specify the model. There is no interaction between

Blocks and the diet factors (Source and Level)

Obtain the ANOVA table

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: WTGAIN
Type III
Sum of
Source
Squares
Corrected Model
10564.033 a
Intercept
437418.8
BLOCK
5969.350
SOURCE
904.033
LEVEL
2680.017
SOURCE * LEVEL 1010.633
Error
3134.150
Total
451117.0
Corrected Total
13698.183

df
14
1
9
2
1
2
45
60
59

Mean
Square
754.574
437418.8
663.261
452.017
2680.017
505.317
69.648

a. R Squared = .771 (Adjusted R Squared = .700)

F
10.834
6280.442
9.523
6.490
38.480
7.255

Sig.
.000
.000
.000
.003
.000
.002

Repeated Measures Designs

In a Repeated Measures Design

We have experimental units that
may be grouped according to one or several
factors (the grouping factors)
Then on each experimental unit we have
not a single measurement but a group of
measurements (the repeated measures)
The repeated measures may be taken at
combinations of levels of one or several
factors (The repeated measures factors)

Example
In the following study the experimenter was
interested in how the level of a certain enzyme
changed in cardiac patients after open heart
surgery.
The enzyme was measured
immediately after surgery (Day 0),
one day (Day 1),
two days (Day 2) and
one week (Day 7) after surgery
for n = 15 cardiac surgical patients.

The data is given in the table below.

Table: The enzyme levels -immediately after surgery (Day
0), one day (Day 1),two days (Day 2) and one week (Day 7)
after surgery

Subject Day0 Day1 Day2 Day7 Subject Day0 Day1 Day2 Day7
1
108
63
45
42
9
106
65
49
49
2
112
75
56
52
10
110
70
46
47
3
114
75
51
46
11
120
85
60
62
4
129
87
69
69
12
118
78
51
56
5
115
71
52
54
13
110
65
46
47
6
122
80
68
68
14
132
92
73
63
7
105
71
52
54
15
127
90
73
68
8
117
77
54
61

 The subjects are not grouped (single group).

There is one repeated measures factor -Time
with levels

Day 0,
Day 1,
Day 2,
Day 7

This design is the same as a randomized

block design with
Blocks = subjects

The Anova Table for Enzyme Experiment

Source
Subject
Day
ERROR

SS
4221.100
36282.267
390.233

df

MS
14
301.507
3 12094.089
42
9.291

F
32.45
1301.66

p-value
0.0000
0.0000

The Subject Source of variability is modelling the

variability between subjects
The ERROR Source of variability is modelling the
variability within subjects

The repeated
measures are
in columns

Analysis Using SPSS

- the data file

Select General Linear model -> Repeated Measures

Specify the repeated measures factors and the number of

levels

Specify the variables that represent the levels of the

repeated measures factor

There is no Between subject factor in this example

The ANOVA table

Tests of Within-Subjects Effects
Measure: MEASURE_1

Source
TIME

Error(TIME)

Type III
Sum of
Squares
Sphericity As sumed 36282.267
Greenhouse-Geis ser 36282.267
Huynh-Feldt
36282.267
Lower-bound
36282.267
Sphericity As sumed
390.233
Greenhouse-Geis ser
390.233
Huynh-Feldt
390.233
Lower-bound
390.233

df
3
2.588
3.000
1.000
42
36.225
42.000
14.000

Mean
Square
12094.089
14021.994
12094.089
36282.267
9.291
10.772
9.291
27.874

F
1301.662
1301.662
1301.662
1301.662

Sig.
.000
.000
.000
.000

Example :
(Repeated Measures Design - Grouping Factor)

In the following study, similar to example 3,

the experimenter was interested in how the
level of a certain enzyme changed in cardiac
patients after open heart surgery.
In addition the experimenter was interested in
how two drug treatments (A and B) would
also effect the level of the enzyme.

 The 24 patients were randomly divided into three

groups of n= 8 patients.
The first group of patients were left untreated as a
control group while
the second and third group were given drug
treatments A and B respectively.
Again the enzyme was measured immediately after
surgery (Day 0), one day (Day 1), two days (Day 2)
and one week (Day 7) after surgery for each of the
cardiac surgical patients in the study.

Table: The enzyme levels - immediately after surgery (Day 0),

one day (Day 1),two days (Day 2) and one week (Day 7)
after surgery for three treatment groups (control, Drug
A, Drug B)

0
122
112
129
115
126
118
115
112

Control
Day
1
2
87
68
75
55
80
66
71
54
89
70
81
62
73
56
67
53

7
58
48
64
52
71
60
49
44

0
93
78
109
104
108
116
108
110

Group
DrugA
Day
1
2
56
36
51
33
73
58
75
57
71
57
76
58
64
54
80
63

7
37
34
49
60
65
58
47
62

0
86
100
122
101
112
106
90
110

DrugB
Day
1
2
46
30
67
50
97
80
58
45
78
67
74
54
59
43
76
64

7
31
50
72
43
66
54
38
58

 The subjects are grouped by treatment

control,
Drug A,
Drug B

There is one repeated measures factor -Time

with levels

Day 0,
Day 1,
Day 2,
Day 7

The Anova Table

Source
Drug
1

Error
Time
Time x Drug
2

Error

SS
1745.396

df
2

MS
872.698

10287.844
47067.031
357.688

21
3
6

489.897
15689.010
59.615

668.031

63

10.604

F
1.78

p-value
0.1929

1479.58
5.62

0.0000
0.0001

There are two sources of Error in a repeated

measures design:
The between subject error Error1 and
the within subject error Error2

Tables of means

Drug
Control
A
B
Overall

Day 0
118.63
103.25
103.38
108.42

Day 1
77.88
68.25
69.38
71.83

Day 2
60.50
52.00
54.13
55.54

Day 7
55.75
51.50
51.50
52.92

Overall
78.19
68.75
69.59
72.18

120

Time Profiles of Enzyme Levels

100

Control

Enz yme Le ve l

Drug A
Drug B
80

60

40
0

Day

Example :
Repeated Measures Design - Two Grouping Factors
In the following example , the researcher was
interested in how the levels of Anxiety (high and
low) and Tension (none and high) affected error
rates in performing a specified task.
In addition the researcher was interested in how the
error rates also changed over time.
Four groups of three subjects diagnosed in the four
Anxiety-Tension categories were asked to perform
the task at four different times patients in the study.

The number of errors committed at each instance is

tabulated below.
Anxiety

Low

1
18
14
12
6

None
subject
2
19
12
8
4

3
14
10
6
2

1
16
12
10
4

High
subject
2
12
8
6
2

Tension
3
18
10
5
1

1
16
10
8
4

High
None
subject
2
18
8
4
1

3
16
12
6
2

1
19
16
10
8

High
subject
2
16
14
10
9

3
16
12
8
8

The Anova Table

Source
Anxiety
Tension
AT
1

Error
B
BA
BT
BAT

Error

SS
10.08333
8.33333
80.08333

df
1
1
1

MS
10.08333
8.33333
80.08333

F
0.98
0.81
7.77

p-value
0.3517
0.3949
0.0237

82.85
991.5
8.41667
12.16667
12.75

8
3
3
3
3

10.3125
330.5
2.80556
4.05556
4.25

152.05
1.29
1.87
1.96

0
0.3003
0.1624
0.1477

52.16667

24

2.17361

Latin Square Designs

Latin Square Designs

Selected Latin Squares
3x3
4x4
AB C AB C D
B C A B AD C
C AB C D B A
D C A BD A B C

AB C D
BCDA
C DAB
DCBA

5x5
6x6
AB C D E
AB C D EF
B AE C D
B F D CAE
C DAE B
CDEFBA
D E B AC
DAF E C B
ECDBA
E C AB F D
F E BAD C

ABCD
B D AC
C AD B
DCBA

AB C D
B AD C
C DAB

A Latin Square

Definition
A Latin square is a square array of objects (letters A,
B, C, ) such that each object appears once and only
once in each row and each column. Example - 4 x 4
Latin Square.
AB C D
BCDA
C D AB
D AB C

In a Latin square You have three factors:

Treatments (t) (letters A, B, C, )
Rows (t)
Columns (t)
The number of treatments = the number of rows =
the number of colums = t.
The row-column treatments are represented by cells
in a t x t array.
The treatments are assigned to row-column
combinations using a Latin-square arrangement

Example

A courier company is interested in deciding

between five brands (D,P,F,C and R) of car for
its next purchase of fleet cars.
The brands are all comparable in purchase price.
The company wants to carry out a study that will
enable them to compare the brands with respect to
operating costs.
For this purpose they select five drivers (Rows).
In addition the study will be carried out over a
five week period (Columns = weeks).

 Each week a driver is assigned to a car using

randomization and a Latin Square Design.
The average cost per mile is recorded at the end of
each week and is tabulated below:

1
2

Drivers

3
4
5

1
5.83
D
4.80
P
7.43
F
6.60
R
11.24
C

2
6.22
P
7.56
D
11.29
C
9.54
F
6.34
R

Week
3
7.67
F
10.34
C
7.01
R
11.11
D
11.30
P

4
9.43
C
5.82
R
10.48
D
10.84
P
12.58
F

5
6.57
R
9.86
F
9.27
P
15.05
C
16.04
D

The Model for a Latin Experiment

yij k k i j ij k
i = 1,2,, t j = 1,2,, t
k = 1,2,, t
yij(k) = the observation in ith row and the jth
column receiving the kth treatment
= overall mean
k = the effect of the ith treatment
No interaction
th
i = the effect of the i row
between rows,
columns and
j = the effect of the jth column
treatments
ij(k) = random error

 A Latin Square experiment is assumed to be a

three-factor experiment.
The factors are rows, columns and treatments.
It is assumed that there is no interaction between
rows, columns and treatments.
The degrees of freedom for the interactions is
used to estimate error.

The Anova Table for a Latin Square Experiment

Source
Treat

S.S.
SSTr

d.f.
t-1

M.S.
MSTr

p-value
F
MSTr /MSE

Rows

SSRow

t-1

MSRow MSRow /MSE

Cols

SSCol

t-1

MSCol

Error

SSE

(t-1)(t-2)

MSE

Total

SST

t2 - 1

MSCol /MSE

The Anova Table for Example

Source

S.S.

d.f.

M.S.

p-value

Week

51.17887

12.79472

16.06

0.0001

Driver

69.44663

17.36166

21.79

0.0000

Car

70.90402

17.72601

22.24

0.0000

Error

9.56315

12

0.79693

Total

201.09267

24

Example
In this Experiment the we are again interested in how
weight gain (Y) in rats is affected by Source of protein
(Beef, Cereal, and Pork) and by Level of Protein (High
or Low).

There are a total of t = 3 X 2 = 6 treatment

combinations of the two factors.

Beef -High Protein

Cereal-High Protein
Pork-High Protein
Beef -Low Protein
Cereal-Low Protein and
Pork-Low Protein

In this example we will consider using a Latin Square

design
Six Initial Weight categories are identified for the
test animals in addition to Six Appetite categories.
A test animal is then selected from each of the 6 X
6 = 36 combinations of Initial Weight and
Appetite categories.
A Latin square is then used to assign the 6 diets to
the 36 test animals in the study.

In the latin square the letter

A represents the high protein-cereal diet

B represents the high protein-pork diet
C represents the low protein-beef Diet
D represents the low protein-cereal diet
E represents the low protein-pork diet and
F represents the high protein-beef diet.

The weight gain after a fixed period is measured for

each of the test animals and is tabulated below:

Initial
Weight
Category

1
62.1
A
86.2
B
63.9
C
68.9
D
73.8
E
101.8
F

AppetiteCategory
2
3
4
84.3
61.5
66.3
B
C
D
91.9
69.2
64.5
F
D
C
71.1
69.6
90.4
D
E
F
77.2
97.3
72.1
A
F
E
73.3
78.6
101.9
C
A
B
83.8
110.6
87.9
E
B
A

5
73.0
E
80.8
A
100.7
B
81.7
C
111.5
F
93.5
D

6
104.7
F
83.9
E
93.2
A
114.7
B
95.3
D
103.8
C

The Anova Table for Example

Source

S.S.

d.f.

M.S.

p-value

Inwt

1767.0836

353.41673

111.1

0.0000

App

2195.4331

439.08662

138.03

0.0000

Diet

4183.9132

836.78263

263.06

0.0000

Error

63.61999

20

3.181

8210.0499

35

Total

Diet SS partioned into main effects for Source and Level of Protein

Source

S.S.

d.f.

M.S.

p-value

Inwt

1767.0836

353.41673

111.1

0.0000

App

2195.4331

439.08662

138.03

0.0000

Source

631.22173

315.61087

99.22

0.0000

Level

2611.2097

2611.2097

820.88

0.0000

SL

941.48172

470.74086

147.99

0.0000

Error

63.61999

20

3.181

8210.0499

35

Total

Graeco-Latin Square Designs

Mutually orthogonal Squares

Definition
A Greaco-Latin square consists of two latin squares (one
using the letters A, B, C, the other using greek letters , ,
, ) such that when the two latin square are supper imposed
on each other the letters of one square appear once and only
once with the letters of the other square. The two Latin squares
are called mutually orthogonal.
Example: a 7 x 7 Greaco-Latin Square
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
B C
D
E
F
G
A
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
G
A
B
C
D
E
F

Note:
At most (t 1) t x t Latin squares L1, L2, , Lt-1 such
that any pair are mutually orthogonal.

It is possible that there exists a set of six 7 x 7

mutually orthogonal Latin squares L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,
L6 .

The Greaco-Latin Square Design - An Example

A researcher is interested in determining the effect of
two factors
the percentage of Lysine in the diet and
percentage of Protein in the diet
have on Milk Production in cows.
Previous similar experiments suggest that interaction
between the two factors is negligible.

For this reason it is decided to use a Greaco-Latin

square design to experimentally determine the two
effects of the two factors (Lysine and Protein).
Seven levels of each factor is selected
0.0(A), 0.1(B), 0.2(C), 0.3(D), 0.4(E), 0.5(F), and
0.6(G)% for Lysine and
2(a), 4(b), 6(c), 8(d), 10(e), 12(f) and 14(g)% for
Protein ).
Seven animals (cows) are selected at random for
the experiment which is to be carried out over
seven three-month periods.

A Greaco-Latin Square is the used to assign the 7 X 7

combinations of levels of the two factors (Lysine and Protein)
to a period and a cow. The data is tabulated on below:

Cows

3
4
5
6
7

304
(A
381
B
432
(C
442
(D
496
(E
534
(F
543
(G

436
(B
505
(C
566
(D
372
(E
449
(F
421
(G
386
(A

350
(C
425
(D
479
(E
536
(F
493
(G
452
(A
435
(B

Period
4
504
(D
564
(E
357
(F
366
(G
345
(A
427
(B
485
(C

417
(E
494
(F
461
(G
495
(A
509
(B
346
(C
406
(D

519
(F
350
(G
340
(A
425
(B
481
(C
478
(D
554
(E

432
(G
413
(A
502
(B
507
(C
380
(D
397
(E
410
(F

The Model for a Greaco-Latin Experiment

yij kl k l i j ij kl
i = 1,2,, t

j = 1,2,, t

k = 1,2,, t

l = 1,2,, t

yij(kl) = the observation in ith row and the jth

column receiving the kth Latin treatment
and the lth Greek treatment

 = overall mean
k = the effect of the kth Latin treatment
l = the effect of the lth Greek treatment
i = the effect of the ith row
j = the effect of the jth column
ij(k) = random error
No interaction between rows, columns,
Latin treatments and Greek treatments

 A Greaco-Latin Square experiment is assumed to

be a four-factor experiment.
The factors are rows, columns, Latin treatments
and Greek treatments.
It is assumed that there is no interaction between
rows, columns, Latin treatments and Greek
treatments.
The degrees of freedom for the interactions is
used to estimate error.

The Anova Table for a

Greaco-Latin Square Experiment

Source
Latin

S.S.
SSLa

d.f.
t-1

M.S.
MSLa

p-value
F
MSLa /MSE

Greek

SSGr

t-1

MSGr

MSGr /MSE

Rows

SSRow

t-1

MSRow MSRow /MSE

Cols

SSCol

t-1

MSCol

Error

SSE

(t-1)(t-3)

MSE

Total

SST

t2 - 1

MSCol /MSE

The Anova Table for Example

Source
Protein
Lysine
Cow
Period
Error
Total

S.S.
160242.82
30718.24
2124.24
5831.96
15544.41
214461.67

d.f.
6
6
6
6
24
48

M.S.
26707.1361
5119.70748
354.04082
971.9932
647.68367

F
41.23
7.9
0.55
1.5

p-value
0.0000
0.0001
0.7676
0.2204