VENTILATION AND AIR

CONDITIONING
Under the Subject
Industrial Safety and Environment

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Meaning of ventilation
It is a process by which fresh air is introduced
and used air is removed from an occupied
space. The primary aim is to preserve the
quality of air.
It is the method of controlling worker
exposure to air borne disease, due to constant
exposure to contaminated air for hours, by
removing used air with clean air.
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Legal Requirements
Ventilation and removal of fumes is required
under section 14 and 59 of factory act
SECTION 14(3): stipulates that where gases
vapor or other fumes are generated which
may be injurious to health , effective and
suitable ventilation must be provided for
securing and maintaining flow of fresh air in
workplace.
SECTION 59(2): Specifies that measures to
be taken shall includes providing local
exhaust ventilation to remove dust and
there source of emission.
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Purpose of ventilation
Provide sufficient supply of air/oxygen.
Remove the product of respiration and
body odour.
Remove contamination and harmful
chemicals
Remove heat generated by people working.
Create some degree of air movement
which is essential to feel freshness.
To maintain temperature and humidity in
all conditions
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Health Effect due to poor

Ventilation

Poor ventilation can induce irritation ,

impair concentration and cause fatigue.
It may cause various diseases like
LEGIONNAIRES DISEASE ( cause headache and muscle
pain)
HUMIDIFIER FEVER (cause
fever, lethargy)

Poor ventilation is significant to the

phenomena known as sick building
syndrome during which occupant may
complaint for dry throat , headache and
sore dry eyes.
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Sources of ventilation

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Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation is movement of air in
and out of premises through windows ,
doors without any mechanical aid.
It is unsteady in nature as it is
controlled by geographical features.
Opening must be atleast 5-10% of floor
area.
It is the only feasible solution in
industries due to huge cost benefits.
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Type of natural ventilation

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 CONTROLLED NATURAL
VENTILATION: it is the intentional
displacement of air through specific
opening such as window,doors by
using natural force.
INFILRATION: it is random flow due to
unintentional openings by winds,
temperature difference .
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Mechanical General
Ventilation

Mechanical or forced ventilation is provided by an air

handler and used to control indoor air quality. Excess
humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be
controlled via replacement with outside air. However, in
humid climates much energy is required to remove
excess moisture from ventilation air.

Ceiling fans and table/floor fans circulate air within a

room for the purpose of reducing the perceived
temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on
the skin of the occupants.

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Mechanical general ventilation

is done in two ways:

Blowing air from outside into the room resulting in the

development of a slight positive pressure inside and
constant flow of air from outside to inside and then out.

Sucking out the air inside the room with the help of
exhaust fans and developing negative pressure inside the
room. This will draw outside air inside to replace the foul
air thrown and out by the fan.

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Mechanical ventilation can be

effected as follows:

By using exhaust fans.

By the use of positive ventilation i.e., by the use of supply
fans coupled with suitable ducts to force fresh air from
outside the enclosure.
By combination of exhaust fans and positive ventilation.

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AIR-CONDITIONING
The control of the quality, quantity, temperature and humidity
of the air in an interior space is called Air-Conditioning .
WORKING OF AIR CONDTIONERS

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TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEMS
WINDOW
UNITS

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PLIT-SYSTEM
UNITS

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CHILLED_WATER
SYSTEM

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BTU AND EER

UNITS

Air Conditioners have their capacity rated in British thermal

units (BTU
A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise temperature
of one pound (0.45kg) of water one degree Fahrenheit (0.56c)
1 BTU =1055 Joules
1ton=12000 BTU (heating & cooling)
A typical window type air conditioner might be at 10000 BTU.
For 2000 square feet house
The energy efficacy rating (EER) of an air conditioner is its
BTU rating over it its wattage .
For e.g.- 10000 BTU consumes 1200 watts
EER =1000/1200 = 8.3
Higher the EER higher the ac and higher its prize
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NEED/USES OF AIRCONDITIONING

Comfort for Human itself, as in house , working at office ,

travelling and in other specific Physical works.
INDUSTRIES : Air-Conditioning makes the atmosphere of
working zone very
comfortable, It helps to avoid
Dust, Rusting & Humidity which can damage important
components
# LASER operated CNC Machining
# CAD/CAM offices and working zones
# Measurement Lab
# Administrative Blocks
OTHERS : It is being used at every possible place , Some are
# Forensic Labs
# Hospitals
# Museum
# Vehicles and Air-Crafts
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