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SMS was first introduced in 1991 in Europe as a text messaging service based on
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards for mobile
networks
SMS is being used in a wide range of social and business applications such as
electronic voting, delivery of stock quotations, delivery of e-mail notification
SMS supports the sending and receiving of text, images, animation and sound
SMS messages are originated and received by Short Messaging Entities (SME).
Examples of SMEs are: mobile phones; servers; personal computers
Basic Network Architecture
SMS-GMSC/
SME SMSC MSC/SGSN MS
SMS-IWMSC
SMS messages are transported in the core network using SS7 (Signaling System 7
SMS Service Elements
Validity Period is the service element that indicates the time period for which the
SMSC will guarantee the existence of the short message when attempting to deliver it
Service Centre Time Stamp is the service element that indicates the time stamp of
message arrival at the SMSC
More Messages to Send is the service element by which a SMSC informs the MS
that there is one or more messages waiting in the SC to be sent to the MS
Priority is the service element indicating that delivery of the message will be
attempted regardless of the MS being temporarily absent or having no free memory
Message Waiting is the service element that enables the mobile network to provide
the HLR, SGSN and VLR with the information that there is a message waiting in the
originating SMSC for a MS
Alert Service Centre is the service element used by mobile networks to inform an
SMSC that a previously unreachable MS (temporarily absent or no memory) is ready
to receive messages
SM-MT Service - SMS-DELIVER TPDU
Structure
1-10 Octets 1 Octet 2-12 Octets 1 Octet 1 Octets 7 Octets 1 Octet 0-140 Octets
PDU-
SCA Type OA PID DCS SCTS UDL UD
PDU Type:
Parameter Description
UDHI User Data Header Indicator - Parameter indicating that UD field contains a header
SRI Status Report Indication - Parameter indicating if the SME has requested a status report
MMS More Messages to Send - Parameter indicating whether or not there are more messages to send
MTI Message Type Indicator - Parameter describing the message type 00 means SMS-Deliver
PID Protocol Identifier - Parameter indicating the SMSC how to process the Short Message (e.g. Fax)
DCS Data Coding Scheme - Parameter identifying the coding scheme within the User Data (UD)
SCTS Service Centre Time Stamp - Parameter identifying the time when the SMSC received the message
UDL User Data Length - Parameter indicating the length of the UD-field
PDU-
SCA Type MR DA PID DCS VP UDL UD
PDU Type:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bits
MTI bit 1 = 0
RP UDHI SRR VPF RD MTI bit 0 = 1
Parameter Description
UDHI User Data Header Indicator - Parameter indicating that UD field contains a header
SRR Status Report Request - Parameter indicating if the MS has requested a status report
VPF Validity Period Format - Parameter indicating whether or not the VP field is present
RD Reject Duplicates – parameter indicating if SMSC will accept a message with same MR and DA from the same OA
MTI Message Type Indicator - Parameter describing the message type 01 means SMS-Submit
MR Message Reference - Successive numbers (0…255) of all SMS-SUBMIT frames sent by the MS.
PID Protocol Identifier - Parameter indicating the SMSC how to process the Short Message (e.g. Fax)
DCS Data Coding Scheme - Parameter identifying the coding scheme within the User Data (UD)
SCTS Service Centre Time Stamp - Parameter identifying the time when the SMSC received the message
UDL User Data Length - Parameter indicating the length of the UD-field
Messag
e
Transfe
sendRoutingInf
r
o-
ForShortMs
g
forwardShortMessag
e
sendInfoFor-
MT-SMS Page
Authenticate
Message
Deliver Report Transfer
SM-
Delivery
ReportStatus
Deliver
y
Report
Access Request
Authenticate
Message
Transfer
sendInfoFor-
MO-SMS
forwardShortMessag
e
Messag
e
Transfe
r
Deliver
y
Report Delivery
Report Delivery
Report
In North America wireless subscribers can address text messages using 5-digit numbers
(“short codes”)
An example of the use of short codes is for SMS voting
One objective of short codes is to reduce or minimize Spam
Short codes are being used to price and market services (e.g charge back to application provider)
Service gateway products are available that address multi-network (GSM/CDMA) and
multi-protocol (e.g. EMI/OIS) inter-working
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