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Energy Band
In any material, there are 2 energy band:
1. Valence band : the outermost shell that determines the conductivity
semiconducting elements:
low electrical conductivity at room temperature
Electrical conductivity increases with temp.
:Types of Semiconductor
Intrinsic Semiconductor
Silicon has 4 outer shell
valence electrons
Extrinsic semiconductor :
Doping
Doping : Adding impurities to the silicon
crystal lattice to increase the number of
carriers.
Add a small number of atoms to increase
either the number of electrons or holes.
N type material
-
Acceptors
Add atoms with only 3 valenceband electrons
ex. Boron (B)
h+
P-type material
PN Junction Formation
The PN junction
A p-n junction as
.a rectifier
18
Semiconductor
Properties
For T > 0K
Electron shaken free and can
cause current to flow
h+