Management Information System

MIS-Lecture 06 October-25-2014

Mr. Uzair Saeed

uzairsaeed@riphahfsd.edu.pk

Todays Lecture
Identify the major types, trends, and uses of computer systems.
Outline the major technologies and uses of computer
peripherals for input, output, and storage.
Provide examples of the business value of Internet, intranet,
and extranet applications.
Describe several important trends occurring in computer
software.
Give examples of several major types of application and system
software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for
end user productivity and collaborative computing.

The Digital Economy

The digital economy refers
to an economy that is based
on digital technologies,
including digital
communication networks,
computers, and software.
The digital economy is also
sometimes called the Internet
economy, the New
economy, or the Web
economy.

IT Architecture

Although there is always a need for

improved technology, the critical
resource is intelligent resourceful
people who can relate business needs
to technology.

James J. OConnor
5

Electronic Framework

Information Architecture

Information architecture is a high-level map or plan of the

information requirements in an organization.

In preparing information architecture, the designer requires two

kinds of information:
1. The business needs of the organizationthat is, its objectives and
problems, and the contribution that IT can make.
2. The information systems that already exist in an organization and how
they can be combined among themselves or with future systems to
support the organizations information needs.
7

Components of Information Systems

Hardware is a set of devices
such as processor, monitor,
keyboard, and printer.

Network is a connecting system

that permits the sharing of
resources between computers.

Software is a set of programs

that enable the hardware to
process data.

Procedures are the set of

instructions about how to
combine the above components.

Database is a collection of
related files, tables, relations,
and so on, that stores data.

People are those individuals who

work with the system or use its
output.

Computer System Components

Central Processing Unit
Input
Devices

Control
Unit

ALU

Special
Cache Primary
Purpose
Memory Storage
Processors

Secondary
Storage
Devices

Output
Output
Devices
Devices

Computers

Supercomputer
Main Frame
Mini Computer

Microcomputers / PCs

10

Microcomputer Systems
Handheld Computers
PDA, Information
Appliances

Notebook Computers
Desktop Computers
Workstations
SMART Cards
Network Server
Powerful microcomputer
used in small LANs

Name Common Input Devices ??

Common Input Devices

Keyboard
Pointing Devices
Pen Based Computing
Speech Recognition
Optical Scanning
Magnetic Ink
Character Recognition
Smart Cards
Digital Cameras

Input Technology Trends

First
Second
Generation Generation

Punched
Cards
Paper Tape

Punched
Cards

Third
Generation

Fourth
Generation

Fifth
Generation

Key to Tape/
Disk

Keyboard Data
Entry
Pointing Devices
Optical Scanning

Voice
Recognition
Touch Devices
Handwriting
Recognition

Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Natural

and Easy to Use

Name Common Output Devices??

Common Output Devices

Video Output
CRT
LCD

Printed Output
Inkjet
Laser

Communications Media
Audio

Tape/cassette/record/CD/DVD
Teleconference / Audio conference
Sound digitizing
Microphone

Graphic materials
Pictures
Printed job aids
Visual Displays

Text
Printouts

Computer
Digital video interactive
Compact disc interactive
Computer simulation

Motion / Still image

Slides / Overheads
Videodisc (cassette)
Motion pictures
Broadcast television
Teleconference/videoconference
Animation & Virtual Reality
17

Output Technology Trends

First
Generation

Punched Cards
Printed Reports
and Documents

Second
Generation

Punched Cards
Printed Reports
and Documents

Third
Generation

Fourth
Generation

Fifth
Generation

Printed Reports
and Documents
Video Displays

Video Displays
Audio Responses
Printed Reports
and Documents

Video Displays
Voice Responses
Hyperlinked
Multimedia
Documents

Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally,

Quickly, and Clearly

Emerging Display's

OLED Organic light-e

mitting diods
19

Magnetic
Disks
Floppy Disk
Hard Disk, RAID
Magnetic Tape
Optical Disks
CD-ROM, CD-R
CD-RW
DVD

Primary
Storage

Semiconductor
Memory

Direct
Access

Sequential
Access

Direct
Access

Secondary
Storage

St Acc
or es
ag s
Co e C S p
ap eed
st
a
pe
r B city Incr
it
De ea
s
In
cr crea es
ea
se ses
s

Primary & Secondary Storage Media

Basic Components in a Telecommunications

Network

Telecommunications
Processors

5
Telecommunications
Software

PCs, NCs,
and Other
Terminals

Telecommunications
Channels and Media

Computers

Wire vs. Wireless Media

Wire
Twisted pair wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic cable

Wireless
Cellular radio
Microwave transmission
Satellite transmission

Global positioning system

Radio & Infrared light

Bluetooth

22

Telecommunications Strategic
Capabilities
Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information about
business transactions from remote locations.
Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locations
immediately after it is requested.
Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditional
means of communications. Centralized Management

Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitive

advantage.

Why Networks
Need to share data, software, and hardware
Centralized management
Share access to outside sources

24

Networks

WAN
LAN
PAN
VPN

25

Local Area Networks

PC

PC

PC

Shared
Database and
Software Packages

Network
Server

Shared
Printer

PC

PC

Internetwork Processor to Other Networks

WANs
Network which extends geographical boundaries distance
Network which joins remote networks use of 3rd
party vendors
Network which extends existing resources
Change of protocols

27

Wide Area Networks

Other E-business Networks

The
Internet
Router
Intranet
Server

Fire wall

Extranet

Fire wall

Router
Intranet
Server

Host System

Equipment

Repeaters
Bridges (DSU/CSU)
Routers
Hubs / Switches
Interface Cards (NIC)

30

Topology

The topology of a network is the

physical layout and connectivity of a
network.
Ring topology
Bus topology
Star network
31

Network Topologies

Types of Software
Application software - set of computer instructions that directs computer
hardware to perform specific processing activities.
General Purpose
Specific

Systems software - controls and supports the computer hardware and its
information processing activities between hardware and applications.
System control programs
System support programs
System development programs

33

Categories of Computer Software

Computer
Computer
Software
Software

System
System
Software
Software

Application
Application
Software
Software

GeneralGeneralPurpose
Purpose
Programs
Programs

ApplicationApplicationSpecific
Specific
Programs
Programs

System
System
Management
Management
Programs
Programs

System
System
Development
Development
Programs
Programs

Common General Purpose Applications

Electronic Mail
Word Processing
Presentation Graphics
Multimedia
Personal Information Manager
Groupware
Presence Awareness (IM)

Web Browsers
Discussion
Groups

Surf the Net

Launch
Information
Searches

Typical uses of a Web

Browser in Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet
Environments

Multimedia
File
Transfer

E-Mail

Database Management Systems

The program (or group of programs) that provides access to a

database is known as a database management system (DBMS).
There are many specialized databases, depending on the type or
format of data stored.
A geographical information database
A knowledge database
A multimedia database
40

Multimedia Technologies
Video
Video Capture
Capture
Card
Card

Authoring
Authoring
Language
Language

Storyboard
Storyboard

Sound
Sound Board
Board

Key
Technologies
of
Multimedia

MIDI
MIDI
Interactive
Interactive
Video
Video

Digital
Digital Video
Video
Interactive
Interactive

Compact
Compact Disk
Disk
Interactive
Interactive
Compressed
Compressed
Audio
Audio
Computer
Computer
Edit
Edit System
System
Digital
Digital Audio
Audio

Internet Applications
Surf and
E-mail

E-Commerce

Internet Chat
and
Discussion Forums

Download and
Computer

Popular Uses
of the
Internet

Transfer
Protocol (FTP)
and Telnet

Search Engines

Categories of Programming Languages

Machine Languages
Use binary coded
instructions
1001 1001
1100 1101
Assembler Languages
Use symbolic coded
instructions
LOD Y
ADD Z

High Level Languages

Use brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z

Markup Languages
Use embedded
control codes
<H1>First heading</H>
<!ELEMENT Product
(#Item | manuf)>

Fourth Generation
Object-Oriented
Languages
Languages
Use natural statements Define objects that
contain data and actions
SUM THE FOLLOWING
Document.write
NUMBERS
(Hi There)

Corporate Portals

A corporate portal refers to a companys Web site that is used

as a gateway to the corporate data, information, and
knowledge. (Single Point of Entrance)

Knowledge bases and learning tools

Business process support
Customer-facing sales, marketing, and service
Collaboration and project support
Access to data from disparate corporate systems
Internal company information
Policies and procedures
Best practices and lessons learned
Human resources and benefits

46

Chapter Summary
A computer system is a system of information
processing components that perform input,
processing, output, storage and control
functions.
Types of computers
Peripheral devices used for input and output
come in a variety shape and sizes. Future
trends are towards devices that communicate
naturally and are quick and easier to use.

Chapter Summary (cont)

Computer software consists of two major types
of programs: application software and system
software.
There are several basic types of telecomm
networks, including wide area networks
(WANs) and local area networks (LANs).

Chapter Summary
Organizations are becoming internetworked
enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other
telecommunications networks to support e-business.
Telecommunications has entered a deregulated and
fiercely competitive environment with many vendors,
carriers, and services
A major trend is towards pervasive use of the Internet
and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise
and global networks.