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NOUNS

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NOUNS
Nouns

are words that names

people, places, things or ideas.
It names things that can be
seen and touched as well as
those that cannot be seen nor
touched.

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Categories of Nouns
Categorie
s

Examples

People

brother

neighbor

Places
Visible
Things
Ideas

town

Luzon

Bong
Revilla
Pampanga

food

chicken

water

equality

love

reward

reprimand

poverty

envy

liberty
condemnatio
Actions
n
Conditions
hunger

KINDS OF NOUNS

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A. Kinds of Nouns
CONCRETE
are

NOUNS

names of people, places, or

things that can be seen or
recognized through any of the
five senses

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A. Kinds of Nouns
ABSTRACT
name

NOUNS

the things that cannot be

seen such as ideas, actions,
conditions and qualities

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Concrete and Abstract Nouns
CONCRETE
student
fire fighter
dog
pencil
computer

ABSTRACT
intelligence
bravery
loyalty
eloquence
convenience

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A. Kinds of Nouns
COLLECTIVE

NOUNS

are

a special type of nouns that

name groups of people or things

Example:

colony of ants, flock of

birds, pack of dogs, herd of sheeps,
family, faculty, school of fish

+COMMON AND

PROPER NOUNS

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B. Common and Proper Nouns
COMMON

NOUNS

Name

any one of a class of

people, places or things

PROPER
Specific

NOUNS

people, places or things,

It always begin with capital
letters.

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B. Common and Proper Nouns
COMMON NOUNS
Clothes
Shoes
School
Country
Girl
Boy
dog

PROPER NOUNS
Uniqlo
Rusty Lopez
PAC
Philippines
Lucy
Richard
Poodle

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GENDER OF NOUNS

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C. Gender of Nouns
MASCULINE

GENDER - denotes all those

of the male kind

FEMININE

GENDER - all those of the

female kind

COMMON

GENDER - applied to animate

beings, the sex of which for the time
being is indeterminable, such as fish,
mouse, bird, etc

NEUTER

GENDER - denotes inanimate

things or whatever is without life

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Here are some masculine
and feminine nouns for
people Male
Female
actor

actress

boy

girl

host

hostess

king

queen

nephew

niece

prince

princess

son

daughter

steward

stewardess

uncle

aunt

wizard

witch

policeman

policewoman

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Gender of Animals
Animal

Masculine

Feminine

bear

boar

sow

cat

tom

quenn

chicken

rooster

hen

duck

drake

duck

horse

stallion

mare

lion

lion

lioness

pig

boar

sow

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Here are some common
gender nouns that used for
both males and females

babies
dancers

students

parents

reporters

singers
engineers
lawyers
artists
teachers

Here are some neuter

gender nouns that are used
for objects and places

hospital

school

knife

chair

cave

floor
phone
fire
pen
stick

NUMBER OF NOUNS

D. Number of Nouns
Nouns

can be singular or plural

in number.

singular noun refers to just

one person, place, or thing (for
example, a bat or a ship).

plural noun refers to multiple

people, places, or things (for
example, bats or ships).

Rule # 1: Add -s
Most

nouns can be pluralized

simply by adding an -s at the end
of the word.
edge/edges
girl/girls
song/songs

bag/bags
cat/cats
boy/boys
day/days

Rule #2: Add -es to nouns

ending in s, z, ch, sh, and x
Nouns

which end in the letters s,

z, ch, sh, and x-es at the end.
glass/glasses

horse/horses
buzz/buzzes
dish/dishes

box/boxes
bush/bushes
witch/witches
switch/switches

Rule #3: Nouns ending in o

For

words ending in the letter o,

sometimes they are pluralized by
adding s, while other words must be
tomato/tomatoes
pluralized by adding es.
torpedo/torpedoes
embargo/embargoes hero/heroes
veto/vetoes
hero/heroes
potato/potatoes
veto/vetoes
echo/echoes

Rule #3: Nouns ending in o

Most

nouns ending in o preceded by a

vowel are pluralized by simply adding
s3. Some other o nouns do this, too:
auto/autos
memo/memos
folio/folios
solo/solos
soprano/sopranos
cameo/cameos
portfolio/portfolios studio/studios
tattoo/tattoos
kilo/kilos
video/videos
photo/photos
piano/pianos
zoo/zoos

Rule #4: Nouns ending in a

consonant Y
For nouns ending in the letter y,
replace the ending y with -ies. For
example:
baby/babies
story/stories
poppy/poppies
baby/babies

daisy/daisies
spy/spies
lady/ladies

Rule #4: Nouns ending in a

consonant Y
Note

that for words ending in y

preceded by a vowel, an -s is simply
added, as usual.
day/days
toy/toys
essay/essays
turkey/turkeys
chimney/chimneys

play/plays
joy/joys
valley/valleys
alley/alleys
volley/volleys

Some nouns Ending in -F or -FE

For

some nouns ending in f or fe,

replace the ending f or fe with -ves:
calf/calves
elf/elves
half/halves
hoof/hooves
leaf/leaves
life/lives
loaf/loaves

self/selves
sheaf/sheaves
wolf/wolves
shelf/shelves
thief/thieves
knife/knives
wife/wives
scarf/scarves

Some nouns change the vowel

sound in becoming plural:
fireman/firemen
foot/feet
goose/geese
louse/lice
mouse/mice

man/men
tooth/teeth
woman/women

Some Old English plurals are

still in use:
Child/children
Ox/oxen

Nouns adopted from other

languages
SINGULAR ENDS IN IS/PLURAL ENDS IN -ES
For

nouns in which the singular form ends in is, the

plural form will end in es.
hypothesis/hypotheses oasis/oases
synthesis/syntheses
diagnosis/diagnoses
synopsis/synopses
ellipsis/ellipses
emphasis/emphases
analysis/analyses
neurosis/neuroses
basis/bases
paralysis/paralyses
crisis/crises
parenthesis/parentheses
thesis/theses

Nouns ending in -UM

Singular
plural

ends in um

ends in a

bacterium/bacteria
datum/data
curriculum/curricula
medium/media
memorandum/memoranda

ovum/ova
symposium/symposia
erratum/errata
addendum/addenda
stratum/strata

Nouns ending in -on

Singular
plural

ends in on

ends in a

criterion/criteria
phenomenon/phenomena

Nouns ending in -a
Singular
Plural

ends in a

ends in ae

alga/algae
amoeba/amoebae
larva/larvae
formula/formulae

antenna/antanna
nebula/nebulae
vertebra/vertebr
vita/vitae

Words ending in ex or -ix

Plural

ends in -ices:

appendix/appendices
index/indeces
matrix/matrices
vertex/vertices
vortex/vortices
apex/apices
cervix/cervices
axis/axes

Words ending in -us

Plural

ends in -i:

alumnus/alumni
bacillus/bacilli
cactus/cacti
focus/foci
stimulus/stimuli
focus/foci

octopus/octopi
radius/radii
stimulus/stimuli
terminus/termini

Words Which are Always Plural

or Always Singular
pants
clothes
binoculars
jeans
forceps
trousers
tongs
tweezers

people
Pajamas
shorts
glasses
scissors
Mathematics
Physics
shorts

Aggregate Nouns
Some

nouns end in -s but have no singular

(these are called aggregate nouns). These
are traditionally plural, but are also used for
singular forms:

accommodations
bread
amends
tea
archives
cheese
bowels
jam
communications
soup
congratulations

wood
thanks
water
goods
information
advice
knowledge
furniture
News
means
soap

series
species
barracks
crossroads
gallows
Headquarters
stairs
cotton
contents
snow

FOOD or FOODS?
Food

in its commonest sense is a noncountable noun, with all the effects of

that. It's already a plural.

"Cheese
"Italy

is a food made from milk"

is the source of many delicious

foods -- pizza, pasta, salami, biscotti..."

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CASES OF NOUNS

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Cases of Nouns
Case

is the property of nouns that

shows its relationship to other
words in the sentence.

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Cases of Nouns
SUBJECTIVE
It

CASE

is the case that shows noun as the

subject of the sentence.

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Cases of Nouns
OBJECTIVE
It

CASE

is the noun case showing noun as

the object of the verb, and object of
the preposition.

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Cases of Nouns
Possessive
It

Nouns

is the noun case showing

possession or ownership.