MOLARITY

A measurement of the concentration of a solution

Molarity (M) is equal to the moles of solute (n) per liter of
solution M = n / V = mol / L

1. Calculate the moles necessary to

make 50.0 mL of a 3.0 M solution of
hydrochloric acid.
2. Calculate the molarity of a solution
prepared by mixing 23.0 g of NaCl in
500.0 mL of water.
3. How many grams of sodium sulfate will be
required to make 150.0 mL of a 0.25 M solution?

MOLARITY & DILUTION

M1V1 = M2V2
The act of
diluting a
solution is to
simply add more
water (or
solvent) thus
leaving the
amount of solute
unchanged.

Q. Calculate the concentration of a NaCl solution

made by diluting 20.0 mL of 2.55 M with 235.0
mL of water.

MOLARITY & Stoichiometry

In the past chapters, you measured out a solid reactant
and needed to predict the mass of the product. You
learned to use the molar mass and mole ratio to achieve
that goal. The same reasoning applies with solution
chemistry but instead to using the molar mass you will
use the molarity to convert to moles.
Stoichiometry Flow chart
U s e th e m o le ra tio
fro m th e b a la n c e d e q u a tio n

use
M o la rity
of A

m o le s o f A

V o lu m e o f A

U s e M o la r
m ass of A

m ass of A

use
M o la rity
of B

m o le s o f B

V o lu m e o f B

U s e M o la r
m ass of B

m ass of B

Solution
Stoichiometry

MOLARITY & Stoichiometry

1. How much calcium carbonate will be
precipitated by adding 40.0 mL calcium
chloride to 35.0 mL of 2.55 M potassium
carbonate?
2. What is the concentration of 50.0 mL of
hydrochloric acid needed to completely
react with 9.55 g of magnesium metal?

PRACTICE PROBLEMS #37a

2.4 M
_________1.
What is the concentration of 250.0 mL of 0.60
moles of HCl?
3.00 L

_________ 2. What volume of 0.7690 M LiOH will contain 55.3

g of LiOH?

1.80
L
_________ 3. How many liters of water must be added to
100.0 mL of 4.50 M HBr to make a solution that is 0.250 M
HCl?
39.6 g 4. How many grams of barium sulfate that will
_________
precipitate when 500.0 mL of 0.340 M BaCl2 and 300.0 mL of
1.70 M Na2SO4 are mixed?
5.

How would you prepare 850.0 mL of a 0.020 M ferric

chloride solution if you start with crystals of FeCl 3 . 6H2O?

Weigh out 4.59 g of the hydrated salt to a graduated cylinder with 800.0 mL then
add enough DI water to make 850 mL exactly.

PRACTICE PROBLEM #37b

1. What is the concentration of 35.0 mL of 0. 0556 moles of
KCl?
1.59 M
2. How many grams of KCl is needed to prepare 50.0 mL of a
0.10 M solution?
0.38 g
3. How many milliliters of water must be added to 30.0 mL of
9.0 M KCl to make a solution that is 0.50 M KCl? 510 mL
4. How many grams of calcium carbonate will precipitate
when 500.0 mL of 0.340 M CaCl2 and 300.0 mL of 1.70 M
Na2CO3 are mixed?
17.0 g
5. What is the concentration of the product solution
(assuming the volumes are additive) when 500.0 mL of 0.340
0.425 M
M CaCl2 and 300.0 mL of 1.70 M Na2CO3 are mixed?

GROUP STUDY PROBLEM

#37a
______1. How many grams of
K PO is needed to prepare 500.0 mL
3

of a 0.00567 M solution?
______2. What volume of 0.7690 M LiOH will contain 55.3 g of
LiOH?
______3. How many milliliters of water must be added to 600.0 mL
of 3.40 M HCl to make a solution that is 0.500 M HCl?
______ 4. What is the concentration of the product solution
(assuming the volumes are additive) when 24.9 mL of 0.70 M BaCl2
and 45.0 mL of 0.15 M Na3PO4 are mixed?

GROUP STUDY PROBLEM

#37b
______1. What is the concentration of 250.0 mL of 0.60 moles of NaOH?
______2. What mass of MgCl2 will be required to prepare 500 mL of 0.150
M solution?
______3. How many milliliters of water must be added to 50.0 mL of 1.97
M NaOH to make a solution that is 0.025 M NaOH?
______ 4. How many grams of barium sulfate that will precipitate when
500.0 mL of 0.340 M BaCl2 and 300.0 mL of 1.70 M Na2SO4 are mixed?
______ 5. What is the concentration of the product solution (assuming
the volumes are additive) when 500.0 mL of 0.340 M BaCl2 and 300.0 mL of