INTRODUCTION

This design covers the principles of hydraulic

design and Analysis of the more usual Flood
Control Structures found in Civil Engineering
practice. These include the design of Dams,
Embankments, Channels, Revetments and
Spurdikes

T0PIC CONTENTS
I.

DESIGN DATA REQUIRED

1. OUTLINE DESIGN DATA REQUIRED
A. Field Survey Information
B. Hydrologic Data
2. SUMMARY REQUIRED DESIGN DATA
II. DESIGN CRETERIA AND STANDARDS
1. OUTLINE DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
2. DESIGN OF EMBANKMENT
3. DESIGN OF CHANNELS
4. DESIGN OF REVETMENTS
5. DESIGN OF SPURDIKES
6. DETAIL DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
III. DESIGN PROCEDURES
IV. DESIGN REVISION

1. OUTLINE DESIGN DATA REQUIRED

A. Field Survey Information
1. Topographic Survey
2. Hydrographic Survey
3. Soils Subsurface and Surface Exploration
B. Hydrologic Data
1. Precipitation
2. River Stage
3. Discharge
4. Sediment Transport

2. SUMMARY REQUIRED DESIGN DATA

1. Topographic map of the proposed project area with
0.50 m contour interval at a scale of 1:10,000 m.
2. Ground profiles along the banks at horizontal and
vertical scales of 1:1,000 m and 1:100 m respectively.
3. Water surface profile indicating maximum experienced
flood level, design water level, and minimum water
level at horizontal and vertical scales of 1:1,000 m.
1:100 m respectively.
4. Profile of the riverbed along the centerline of the river
channel at horizontal and vertical scales of 1:1,000 and
1:100 m respectively.
5. Cross-sections facing downstream at 100 meters interval
for straight and uniform section, 25 meters for river bends
and 20 meters for sharp bends, indicating thereon the

proposed structures, maximum experienced flood level and

ordinary water level as well as design water level and
character of bank and river bed material.
6. Soil investigation data and analysis.
7. Hydrologic and hydraulic design analysis supported by
topographic map showing the watershed area and point
of interest.

II. DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS

1. OUTLINE DESIGN CRITERIA And STANDARDS
Dams are hydraulic structures constructed to control
And/or conserve water.
A. Location and Alignment
B. Freeboard
C. Slope
D. Height
E. Top Width
F. Easement

2. DESIGN OF EMBANKMENTS
A ridge constructed of earth, stone, or other material to
Prevent water from passing beyond desirable limits.
Also known as bank.
A. Location and Alignment
B. Freeboard
C. Slopes
D. Height
E. Top Width
G. Berms

3. DESIGN OF CHANNELS
A natural or artificial waterway connecting two
bodies of water or containing moving water.
A. Alignment
B. Freeboard
C. Slope

4. DESIGN OF REVETMENTS
Revetments are flood control structures constructed along
river banks subjected to direct attack of the river flow
and along second dike slopes for protection against
scouring and wave wash.
A. Location and Alignment
B. Freeboard
C. Slope
D. Height

5. DESIGN OF SPURDIKES
Spurdikes are river training structures constructed along
the banks of rivers and flood dikes to deflect or repel
the flow for the purpose of training the course of the
river channel and to protect the banks from scouring
by inducing siltation in the area.
A. Location and Alignment
B. Length
C. Slopes
D. Height
E. Top Width
F. Spacing

6. DETAIL DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS

1. Design of Dams
A. Location and Alignment
1. For earth fill, rock fill and low gravity dams
can be built on gravel foundation.
2. For gravity dams these can be built on earth
foundation; and their height in this case is
limited to 20.0 meters.
B. Freeboard
Freeboard which is one of the elements for
deciding the dam crest elevation.

C. Slope
1. Earth fill Dam
Upstream Slope
= 3:1 (3 hor. 1ver.)
Downstream Slope = Previous zone embankment
2. Rock fill Dam
Upstream Slope
= 0.5:1
Downstream Slope = 1:1.3
3. Concrete Dam
Upstream Slope
= Vertical
Downstream Slope = 0.7:1

D. Height
Dam Crest Elevation = Design Flood Water Level
(DFWL) + Hf (free board)
E. Top Width
The width of dam crest shall be determined
considering the minimum required width for
construction and utilization as road after
construction, etc. The recommended width is
as follows:
W > 0.2H + 3.0 where:
W = Width of dam crest m
H = Dam height, m

F. Easement
The banks of rivers and streams and the shores
of the seas and lakes throughout their entire
Length and within a zone of three (3) meters
In Urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agriculture
Areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along
Their margins, are subject to the easement of
public use in the interest of recreation, navigation,
Floatage, fishing and salvage.


2. Design of Dikes/Embankments/Levees
The term dike/levee is an embankment constructed parallel to the
banks of a stream, river, lake or other body of water for the purpose
of
protecting the landside from inundation by floodwater, or to confine the
stream flow within its regular channel.
a) Types of Levee
1. Urban Levees - Levees that are constructed to provide
protection of the densely populated communities, including their
industrial, commercial, and residential facilities against flooding.
2. Agricultural Levees - Levees that provide protection from
flooding in lands used for agricultural purposes.

b. Classification of Levees According to Use.

1.

Mainline and Tributary Levees Levees that lie

along a mainstream and its tributaries,

respectively.
2.

Ring Levees Levees that completely encircle or

ring an area subject to inundation from all
directions.

3.
Setbacks Levees Levees that are built landward
of existing levees that have suffered distress or are in some
way being endangered, as by river migration.

A. Location and Alignment

1. Embankment should be located along high ridges
or natural banks where materials for construction
of same are available.
2. Embankment should not be close to the river
banks otherwise it will be in danger of being
undermined by the caving of the river bank.
3. The embankment should be well away from the
estimated meander belt of the meandering river.
4. The alignment should be as straight as possible,
as sharp curves are subject to direct attack
from flow and should be avoided.

B. Freeboard
The freeboard allowance corresponding to the
Design flood discharge
DESIGN DISCHARGE, Q
(M3 /S)

FREEBOARD, Hf
(m)

Less than 200

0.60

200 to less than 500

0.80

500 to less than 2000

1.00

2000 to less than 5000

1.20

5000 to less than 10,000

1.50

More than 10,000

2.00

C. Top width
Top width of the embankment may not be of special importance
if ample freeboard and side slopes are already provided. However,
adequate widths of the top embankment may be required to serve as
a road for facilitating the transport of materials during the
construction stage and maintenance operations. Below are the
recommended top widths for the given design discharges.

Design Discharge (m3/s)

Less than 500

500 and over, but less than 2,000
2,000 and over, but less than 5,000
5,000 and over, but less than 10,000
10,000 and over

Top Width (m)

3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00

D. Slope
1.
the

The normal side slopes on both landside and riverside of

embankment are 2:1 for low embankment (<4) and 3:1 for
high embankment (>4).
2.
A side slope of 4:1 is usually used for embankment
consisting of sand and shall be protected by providing a
cover of good soil sodded at least 500 mm thick.
3.
For landside side slope, the coarser or more permeable the
material is, the flatter would be the side slope.

E. Height
The height of the embankment is reckoned from the design flood
elevation plus an additional freeboard allowance depending on
design discharge as shown in Table 3.1.

D.Slopes

Hf

Hf

DFWL

1
RIVERSIDE

DFWL

1
EMBANKMENT

1
2

LANDSIDE

RIVERSIDE

FOR LOW EMBANKMENT

Hf

EMBANKMENT

FOR HIGH EMBANKMENT

DFWL

1
RIVERSIDE

EMBANKMENT

FOR SAND EMBANKMENT

LANDSIDE

LANDSIDE

F. Berm
Berm are provided along the slopes of high embankments as an
erosion control measure and also to improve the stability of the side
slopes:
1. Riverside
When the crest height from river bed is more than 6.00
metres, berms shall be provided at every 3.00 to 5.00 metres
in height from crest elevation with a width of 1.00 metre or
more.
2. Landside
When the crest height from existing ground is more than 4.00
metres, berms shall be provided at every 2.00 metres to 3.00
metres in height from crest elevation with a width of 3.00
metres or more.

3. Design of Channel
Natural channel refer to all channels which have
been developed by natural processes and have not been
significantly improved by humans.
Artificial channel includes all channels which have been
developed by human effort.

Prismatic - has both a contrast cross-sectional shape and bottom slope.

Channel which do not meet this criterion are termed a non-prismatic.
Canal - refers to a rather long channel of mild slope. These channels
may be either unlined or lined with concrete, cement, grass, wood,
bituminous material, on an artificial membrane.
Flume - refers to a channel built above the ground surface to convey a
flow across a depression. It is usually constructed of wood, metal, masonry
or concrete.
Chute and Drop - a chute is a channel having a steep slope. A drop
channel also has a steep slope. Drop channel also has a steep slope but is
much shorter than a chute.
Culvert - a culvert only partially full is an open channel
primarily used to convey a flow under highways, railroad embankments, or
runways.

A. Location and Alignment

1.Regulation works should aim at stabilization of sand bars and
shallows in the inner banks and this can be obtained by giving the
low water channel an S-shaped alignment with appropriate radii of
bends.
2. The minimum angle of 500 curvature is acceptable to obtain a
fully developed helical flow which will stabilize and sand bank in
the inner bend.
3. Short cutting of a sharp bend in a meandering river channel in
alluvial flood plain by a cut-off channel will avoid bar formation of
curved flows, reduce flood levels in the upper reaches and accelerate
flood discharges.
4. The alignment of cut-off channels should be such that at both ends
the cut is tangential to the main direction of river flow.
5. The entrance to the cutoff channel should be bell mouthed.

B. Freeboard
Channel freeboard shall be provided by an additional wall height
above the design flood level. This freeboard shall be based on the
following criteria:
a)

Rectangular Channel

1. A freeboard of 0.60 metre for velocities of 10 m/s or less. For curve

alignment, the wall height must be at least 0.30 m above the superelevated
water surface.
2. A freeboard 0.90 metre for velocities higher than 10 m/s. For curve
alignment, the wall height must be at least 0.60 m above the superelevated
water surface.
3. If the flow is supercritical, the wall height shall be equal to the sequent
depth but not less than the heights required in items 1 and 2 above. Special
consideration shall be given to additional freeboard if the channel is not
designed to reduce or eliminate the formation of waves.

b)

Trapezoidal Channel

1.

A freeboard of 0.80 metre for velocities of 10 m/s or less. For curve

alignment, the wall height must be at least 0.30 metre above the
superelevated water surface.

2.

A one (1) metre freeboard for velocities higher than 10 m/s. For curve
alignment, the wall height shall be at least 0.60 metre above the
superelevated water surface.

3.

If the flow is supercritical, the wall height shall be equal to the

sequent depth but not less than the heights required under Items 1 and
2 above. Special consideration shall be given to additional freeboard
if the channel in not designed to reduce or eliminate the formation of
waves.

Roadside drainage channels used for diverting or removing surface water

from the highway right-of-way shall be designed for a ten (10) year storm
with a freeboard of at least 0.15 m.
Channels not included in the above categories shall be designed for a ten
(10) year storm with sufficient freeboard to contain a storm of 50 years
frequency.

C. Slope
The longitudinal slope is governed by topography, the nonscouring and non-silting velocity requirements in the channel, or it
may depend on the purpose of the channel. The side slopes of the
channel depend on the kind of stream bank materials as shown in
Table 3.7.
SideSlope

nearly vertical
1:4
1:2 to 1:1
1:1

StreamBankMaterial

Rock
Mud and peat soils
Stiff clay or earth with
concrete lining
Earth with stone lining, or
earth for large channels

3:2
2:1
3:1

Firm clay or earth for

small
ditches
Loose sandy earth
Sandy loam in porous clay

Table 3.7 Recommended Channel Side Slopes

4. Design of Revetment
A. Location and alignment
1.

Along meander bends of the river.

2. At downstream and upstream of hydraulic and other related

structures where turbulent flow usually occurs.
3.
It should be smooth to prevent formulation of vortices and
dead
water zones.
4.

Along side slopes of irrigation canals to prevent loss of water

due to percolations.
Revetment

Scouring and
Degradation Part

Sand Bar
Formation

Figure 3.5 Location of Revetment of River Bend

B. Freeboard
Generally, a minimum free board allowance of
0.60 m above the maximum experienced flood
level or design flood level, as the case may be, is
provided for revetments confining flood flows.

C. Slope
Slope of revetment will depend on the kind of
materials used and protection works required for
the structures. Table 3.3 shows the recommended
slopes of revetment with respect to the kind of
materials to be used in the construction of said
structure.

D. Height
Heights of revetment will depend on the maximum experienced
flood level or design flood level. For other cases when combined
with flood control works such as levee/embankment, the height of the
revetment is up to the designed height of the structures due to the
possibility of the occurrence of floodwaters that may exceed the
design flood level or the crest of the dike. If the height of revetment
is more than 5.0 meters, berm must be provided in order to separate
the revetments into segments, as well as in consideration of site and
geological condition and structural stability of the revetment. Berms
shall be at least 1.0 meter in width for maintenance purposes.
Freeboard
DFL

Figure 3.6 a H < 5 meters

Figure 3.6 b H >5 meters

Berm
(banquette)
H

E. Depth of Foundation
.

a. For a narrow river (less than 50 meters in width) the

minimum depth of revetment foundation should be 1.0 meter
below the deepest elevation of the original or design riverbed,
where soil materials are subject to erosion/scouring.
b. For a wide river (more than 50 meters in width) and
subjected to river bed degradation, more than 1.0-meter depth
of revetment foundation should be considered. In case of a
wide river where the velocity is generally mild and when the
mainstream course is fixed and flowing more than 20 meters
away from the bank, the foundation may be placed 1.0 meter
below the existing toe of the bank. If the mainstream course
has a tendency to change, the foundation depth should be
determined.
c. If the construction of the revetment foundation below the
original or designed riverbed is not possible due to high water
level, the used of sheet piles or other types of revetment
should be considered.

Revetment
Toe
1.0 M

1.0 M
Deepest riverbed

> 20.0 M

Figure 3.7 Depth of Revetment Foundation

F. Segment Length
The length of one segment of revetment along the longitudinal
direction should not be more than 50 meters in order to prevent
damage on the adjoining section of the revetment once it
collapses. Edge of the segment shall be provided with end
protection and adequately filled with joint filler or sealer to
connect with the adjoining section.

G. Thickness
The thickness of revetment is generally based on the flow
velocity, sediment runoff, topography, geological conditions,
scouring and degradation and soil and groundwater pressure at
the back of revetment and other factors. Minimum thickness
should be 300 mm for all types of revetment, except for
reinforced concrete type.

H. Weepholes
Revetment should be provided with weepholes ranging from
50 75 mm in diameter PVC pipes spaced at 2.00 meters on
center and staggered. Pervious materials consisting of graded
gravel or geo-textile is placed between the revetment and
original ground.

I. End Protection Works

Revetments should be provided with end protection works to
prevent scouring at the upstream and downstream ends. The
scouring causes the escape of backfill materials resulting to the
gradual damage of the revetment. A transition structure like
gabions/boulders should be provided on both ends of the
revetment.

Provision against scouring

of existing bank adjacent
b >_ 20 cm
the revetment.
(boulder/ gabion type)
a >_ 50 cm
River Flow

Original bank
End protection

PLAN
50 cm

SECTIONA-A

Figure 3.8 End Protection Works

5. Design of Spurdikes
Spurdikes are river training structures constructed along the banks of
rivers and flood dikes to deflect or repel the flow for the purpose of
training the course of the river channel and to protect the banks from
scouring by inducing siltation in the area.
A spurdike is classified into two types, namely:
1. The permeable type allows the water to flow through and
reduces the velocity by its resistance in order to induce
sedimentation thereat.
2.

The impermeable type tends to deflect the flow away from

the bank.

A. Location and Alignment

1. Spurdikes are designed either perpendicular to the bank or
deflected upstream or downstream, making a deflection angle of 10
to 15 degrees with the line perpendicular to the bank at straight
sections and 5 to 10 degrees and 0 to 10 degrees for concave and
convex sections, respectively.
2.The abutment of spurdikes should be protected with revetment to
prevent scouring when the spurdike is overtopped.
3.Spurdikes deflected upstream will deflect the flow towards the
center of the river with scouring at the tip and silting at the
downstream side of the abutment, thus protecting the bank from
scouring.
4.The right angle spurdike is usually adopted because it gives the
average effects of the deflected spurdikes but scouring at the tip can
not be avoided.

At right
angles

Deflected
Upstream

Overflow and
Non - overflow
Type

spur

Overflow
Type

Flow Direction
- Sedimentation Area

- Scouring Area

Figure 3.9 Spurdike Alignment and Area of Scouring and Sedimentation

B.Length
Spurdikes should have lengths from 10 to 15 percent of the
width of the river or channel but not to exceed 100 metres.

DFL : Design Flood Level

_ ( 0.1x W)
L spur <

Crest slope = 1:20 to 1:100

H spur = OWL +
( 0.5m. to 1.0m.)

OWL : Ordinary Water Level

( Rainy Season)

Figure 3.10 Dimensions of Spurdike

C. Spacing
The distance between spurdikes should be as follows:
1.
2.

For concave sections, 1.5-2.0 times the length of

spurdikes.
For straight sections, 2.0-2.5 times the length.

3.

For convex sections, 3.0-4.0 times the length.

D. Slopes
1.
2.

The longitudinal slope of the spurdike should be 1/20

to 1/100 toward the center of the river.

The side slopes shall depend on the quality of the

subsoil, groundwater flow and the type of structure.
Underwater slopes are between 1:2-1/2 and 1:3-1/2
while slopes to be constructed in dry land are
somewhat steeper.

E. Top Width
Usually, the top width of spurdikes ranges from 1 to 2
metres.

F. Height
Height should be at least one (1) metre above the normal or
ordinary water level and at the location of the maximum
velocity of flow to serve its purpose of inducing siltation
along the bank.

G. Toe Protection Works

Provide protection works at the toe of spurdike to prevent
scouring and its collapse/damage.

TOEPROTECTION:
GabionMattress
/Boulders

PLAN

Figure 3.11 Toe Protection of Spurdike

H. Depth of Embedment
For concrete and masonry type of spurdike, a minimum
embedment depth of 0.5 m is recommended. For the
permeable type (i.e., pile-type, crib-type, etc.), an
embedment depth of 2/3 the pile length is
recommended.
1.

2.

For gabion, boulder, and concrete block type spurdikes,

provision of 0.2 metre layer of gravel before placing the
main body is recommended.

III. DESIGN PROCEDURES

For Dikes/Embankment/levees
1. From the location or topographic map of the
project area, establish the alignment of the
embankment (s) considering the present course
and probable meander of the river.
2. For confining dikes, the width of the floodway or
distance between parallel dikes shall be determined
with due consideration to non-silting and/or
non-scouring velocity in the channel.
3. Then, establish the design flood level at a particular
section, using the Stage Discharge Relationship or
Rating Curve, if available, or by the Mannings

4. Select the most suitable type of dike or embankment

to be adopted based on the field conditions and
available materials at the project site.
5. Establish an appropriate section for the dike based
on the design criteria.
6. Determine the stability of the embankment slopes
by the Swedish Slip-Circle Method, and check if the
factor of safety is within acceptable limits.
7. Check if protection works are needed, and so,
determine the appropriate type to be provided.

For Revetments
1. Gather all survey and hydrologic information needed
for the design of revetments.
2. Compute the velocity of flow based on the design
flood discharge and the river profile and the crosssection using the Mannings formula.
3. Determine the type of revetment to be adopted
based on the design flood level and the quality
and quantity of available construction materials
at the project area.
4. For dry boulders riprap, the size of boulders to be
used can be determined from the graph (show Fig.4.2).

5. Determine by backwater analysis the design flood

level along the banks to be protected.
6. Determine the kind and extent of foundation works
that would be needed such as cut-off walls, sheet
piles, boulder aprons, or other foot protection works,
based on the maximum probable depth of scour as
determine from field conditions.

For Spur Dikes

1. Gather the information on design flood level,
ordinary water level and river behavior.
2. From the location map of the river showing the
extent of erosion and scouring establish the
positions and locations of the proposed spur dikes.
3. Determine the type of spur dike to be used depending
upon the available construction materials at the
project area.
4. Determine the section, longitudinal slope, height, as
well as the length and spacing based on the design
criteria.

For Dams
1. Determine the type of dam to be adopted based on
topography of the area and kind of foundation and
the available materials at, or in the vicinity of the
project site.
2. Establish a trial section of the dam and compute for
all forces acting on the dam based on the unit length
of the dam.
3. Determine the location of the resultant force and
check the stability of the trial section against
overturning by computing the corresponding factor
of safety and find out if they are within acceptable
limits.

4. For concrete gravity dams, compute the maximum

compressive and shearing stresses and check if they
are within the maximum allowable values for concrete.
5. For earth dams, draw the line seepage or phreatic
line on the dam body to check against piping of the
embankment material as well as seepage through the
same and underneath the embankment.
6. Check for possible settlement of the dam by analyzing
the bearing capacity of the foundation and comparing
it with the bearing stress on the same as caused by the
dam.
7. If the design requirements are not completely satisfied
modify and compute repeatedly the trial section until
all design requirements are complied with.

For Channel Improvement

1. Collect all necessary information needed for the
design of channels.
2. For the given material forming the channel body,
estimate the roughness coefficient n, side slopes
and the maximum and or minimum permissible
velocity, for non-scouring or non-silting requirement
as the case may be.
3. Express the hydraulic radius R in terms of the bottom
width, b and depth of flow, y, by the Mannings
formula.

4. Compute the water area required by the given

design flood discharge and the permissible velocity,
or A = Q/V
5. Compute the wetted perimeter, or P = A/R
6. Using the expressions for A and P, solve
simultaneously for b and y.
7. Add a proper free board, and modify the section for
practicability.
8. Long channels are usually divided into several reaches.
The discharge for each is computed considering the
total tributary area. The channel section is then
designed to carry this discharge following the above
procedures.

IV. DESIGN REVISION

This design revision involves:
a) When there is modification, corrections improvement,
and alterations of the project plans, as well as the
quality of plans and
b) When there is a variation orders (change orders, extra
work orders, supplemental agreements) of work
changes. The Bureau of Design (BOD) prepared
checklist of requirements for the review and
evaluations of plans and variation orders for
reference and guidance.

1. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY OF PLANS

25 mm.

1. All the sheets in a set of plans should be uniform and

of one standard size.
MARGIN

550 mm.

40 mm

TITLE BLOCKS

25 mm.

600 mm.

BORDER
LINE

MARGIN
810 mm.
75 mm.

25 mm.
910 mm.

STANDARD SIZE (600 mm x 910 mm )

FOR FLOOD CONTROL, DRAINAGE, AND WATER SUPPLY
PROJECTS

2. Draftsmanship should be a professional quality.

Drafting and lettering works should be done in
ink and with the use of technical pens and Leroy
or similar lettering.
3. All words on the plans should be correctly spelled
and grammatically errors in the various texts of the
General Notes should be locked after.
4. The meaning and intent of the provision and/or
specifications under the General Notes should be
made clear and specific and leave no room for
misinterpretations that may lead to Variation
Orders later on.

5. Revised or new plans for specific structures and

other items of work should be prepared in standard
sheets and properly authenticated with signatures
of concerned DPWH officials and/or consultants.
6. All plans should be prepared using good quality
tracing paper preferably Mylar and half-ruled or
full-ruled cross-section paper.
7. All sheets of the set of plans should be neat and clean
and without any crossed-out or avoided portion
thereon.
8. The title block should be made an integral part of the
sheet of plan and not merely patched-up thereon.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW OF

DETAILED ENGINEERING PLANS.
1. General plans (location plan; schematic diagram
for water supply; vicinity map; legends and
symbols; abbreviations; and general notes
including design criteria)
2. Hydrologic and hydraulic design analysis
supported by topographic map showing the
watershed area and point of interest.
3. Topographic map of service area (for water supply).
4. Oceanographic investigations and analysis for shore
protection works.

5. Soil investigation data and analysis.

6. Structural/stability analysis of proposed structures
in SI units.
7. Profile along both banks and channels centerline
and cross-sections indicating the proposed structures,
maximum experienced flood control level and ordinary
water level as well as as design water level.
8. Typical sections of proposed works.
9. Detailed quantity calculations.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW OF

AS-STAKED PLANS
1. When there are changes, original plan, profile
and cross-section superimposed on the
As-Staked plans.
2. Detailed quantity calculations of all the items of
work involved.
3. Technical justifications with design analysis and
computations for the proposed changes.

4. Copy of complete set of the approved original plans.

5. Copy of complete design analysis (Structural,
hydrologic and hydraulic) if it will involve major
revision of structures/bridges.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR EVALUATION

OF CHANGE ORDERS, EXTRA WORK
ORDERS, AND SUPPLEMENTAL
AGREEMENTS
1. Duly signed/approved plans for the proposed changes.
2. Technical justifications for the proposed changes.
3. Design analysis and computations (in SI units) and
quantity calculations for the proposed changes.
4. Copy of the complete set of the approved original plans.

5. Copy of prior clearance/authority to issue the

proposed variation order.
6. Comments/recommendations of DPWH officials
(Regional Director, Project Director/Manager
and Project Consultant concerned.
7. Copy of approved contract and previously approved
variation order(s).

NOTE: Where substitution of materials is

involved, the following requirement
shall be submitted:
1. Certification on the non-availability of the specified
materials by three (3) leading manufacturers or
suppliers.
2. Technical specifications of the original and substitute
materials.

5. REQUIREMENTS FOR EVALUATION

OF FINAL CHANGE ORDERS
1. Copy of complete set of As-Built plans duly
approved by Head of Implementing Office.
2. Technical justifications for the proposed changes.
3. Design analysis and computations (in SI units) and
quantity calculations for the proposed changes.
4.Copy of the complete set of the approved original
plans.

5. Copy of prior clearance/authority to issue the

proposed variation order.
6. Comments/recommendations of DPWH officials
(regional Director, Project Director/Manager) and
Project Consultants concerned.
7. Copy of approved contract and previously approved
variation order(s).

Engr. AVENIDO