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PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION
Goal programming may be used to solve linear programs
with multiple objectives, with each objective viewed as a
"goal".
Accounting
Agriculture
Economics
Engineering
Finance
Government
International Context
Management
Marketing
GOAL PROGRAMMING
APPROACH
Step 1: Decide the priority level of each goal.
Step 2: Decide the weight on each goal.
If a priority level has more than one goal,
for each goal i decide the weight, wi , to be
placed on the deviation(s), di+ and/or di-, from
the goal.
Step 3: Set up the initial linear program.
Min w1d1+ + w2d2s.t.
Functional Constraints,
and Goal Constraints
Step 4: Solve this linear program.
If there is a lower priority level, go to step
EXAMPLE 1
Graphical Interpretation
Minimize P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d1+
subject to:
x1 + 2x2 + d1- - d1+ = 40
40x1 + 50 x2 + d2 - - d2 + = 1,600
4x1 + 3x2 + d3 - - d3 + = 120
x 1, x2 , d 1 -, d 1 + , d 2 -, d 2 + , d 3 -, d 3 + 0
Figure 1
Goal Constraints
Figure 2
The First-Priority
Goal: Minimize
Figure 3
The Second-Priority Goal:
Minimize
Figure 4
The Third-Priority Goal:
Minimize
Figure 5
The Fourth-Priority Goal:
Minimize
Goal Programming
Computer Solution Using QM for
Windows
Minimize
Pd ,Pd ,Pd ,Pd
1
+
3
+
1
subject to:
x1 + 2x2 + d1- - d1+ = 40
40x1 + 50 x2 + d2 - - d2 + = 1,600
4x1 + 3x2 + d3 - - d3 + = 120
x1, x2, d1 -, d1 +, d2 -, d2 +, d3 -, d3 + 0
SUMMARY
FINAL TABLEAU
GRAPH
EXAMPLE 2
P2
Labour Hours
Material M1 (kg)
Material M2 (kg)
Had
the
production
maximising
profit,
manager
without
been
regard
to
considering
maintaining
only
the
5400
Goal 1
108
Goal 2
600
Labour
1000 Material M1
1200 Material M2
This problem may not have a feasible solution which satisfies both the
goals. Futher, to be able to solve this problem using simplex method,
we need to introduce deviational variables in each of the constraints
Let
5400
1
108
2
Minimise
Z=
Subject to 5400
108
600
1000
1200
,,
SOL
1
20
32
-1
5400
3/10
3/4
-1
108
600
1000
1200
Cj
Cj - Z j
203/1
131/
SOL
1
36/5
-1
128/
3
128/
3
792
2/5
4/3
-4/3
144
2/5
-16/3
16/3
24
-20/3
20/3
280
17/5
-16/3
16/3
624
Cj
Cj - Z j
1
-36/5
4
0
0
0
1
1
-1
0
0
0
0
1/2
131/
0
03
0 128/ -8
3
0
0
1/4
150
3/40
-1
3/16
9/2
3/2
-5/4
250
-1
600
Cj
SOL
600
SOL
1
-1
160/
3
160/
3
-18
360
20/3
-20/3
-1
120
-40/3
40/3
5/2
60
20
-20
-5
160
40
-40
17/2
420
Cj
SOL
Cj - Z1
j
00
0
0 0 3/160
27/4
-1/8
1/8
5/4
75
-1/4
-2
150
-3/8
3/8
7/4
25
-3/4
3/4
150
Cj
1-1
3/16 157/
3
0
160/
18
-1
3 27/80
27/4 = 6.75
Goal Programming
Computer Solution Using QM for
Windows
SUMMARY
FINAL TABLEAU
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