CHAPTER 12

RESTRUCTURING
TIME
SCHEDULING

Conten
t

Schedule Flexibility
Schedule Design
Learning Community Planning
Time
Elementary School Schedules
Middle School Schedules
Secondary School Schedules

SCHEDULING : THE CONCEPTS

Schedule flexibility
Simplicity and Complexity

Efficiency and the Use of Time

Minimize the use of nonspecific study time during
school hours.
Minimize time used for movement from classroom to
classroom.
Enhance available instructional time by ;
- restricts the use of intercom system to the first an
last
few minutes of the day.
- good use of lunch time student and teacher
- effective use of before and after school waiting
time
(students)
Timeliness
Decision Level Loosely Coupled

SCHEDULING : T H E D E S I G N

Should reflect student needs

availability of courses, efficient use of
time
Should reflect goals of the curriculum
balance, electives, emphasis,
sequence
Should reflect goals of instruction
group size, class length, indiv.
differences
Should reflect staffing goals
planning time, teams, use of
specialists

SCHEDULING : T H E D E S I G N
Learning Community Planning
Time
Important Feature :
Provide adequate team planning time for
team
of teachers working as a learning
community
Why?
Teacher should have 5 hours each week for
planning and material preparation.
Prefer to arrange the time in large blocks
of time
rather than divide it into small segment.
Best Schedule : Parallel Scheduling

SCHEDULING : T H E D E S I G N
Learning Community Planning
Time

Parallel Scheduling

Parallel Scheduling provides large blocks of planning time through

the use of specialist (music, art, and P.E teachers)
The specialist are scheduled in a design paralleling that of the regular
teaching staff so the specialists can replace each of the regular team
members, freeing the of the children in their learning community for
a given block of time.

Team Parallel Schedule

Monday Tuesday Wednesd
ay
Morning

Specialis
t
Replace
Team A

Replace
Afternoo Team B
n

Thursda Friday
y

Replace
Team C

Replace
Team E or
Specialist
Training

Replace
Team B

Replace
Team D

Replace
Team D

Replace
Team A

Replace
Team C

Replace
Team E
or
Specialis
t Training

five-team school, the specialist use an extended duty-free lunch for plan

SCHEDULING : T H E D E S I G N
Elementary School Schedules
Self-Contained Classrooms
In a self-contained classroom, students who share similar
education needs are grouped together. Ideally, the selfcontained classroom offers a small student-to- teacher
ratio to better meet the needs of children diagnosed with
autism, ADD, ADHD, dyslexia or other special-educational
requirements.
A
self-contained
class
is
typically
composed of students with similar learning needs. This
ensures that a common environment for academic
success can be maintained for all children. If students
require additional accommodations, such as speech or
occupational therapy, a self-contained classroom for
academic education fulfills the requirement specified by
law as education within the least restrictive
environment because students can be pulled from the
classroom for these individualized support services.
Children may spend part or all of the school day in the

SCHEDULING : T H E D E S I G N
Elementary School Schedules
Block SchedulingElementary
A flexible curriculum (different subjects
varying
in amounts of allocatedtimes for different
students)
Individualized instruction (use of mastery
learning, cooperative learning)
Varied and flexible grouping (skills group 0f
10-15 for reading and math)

Block SchedulingElementary

Middle School
Schedules

The best design for middle school is team scheduled b

For the use of internal team schedule these are the
following ideas recommended:
a. Achievement grouping recommended for use in
reading and math instructions - abilities vary
b. Homogenous grouping grouped by scores e.g
math scores and reading scores
Copyright Allyn & Bacon

Middle School
Schedules

Secondary School
Schedules

a). Group schedules

-Often used to group students who are registered for a same subjec
and where the elective offering are very few...

Secondary School
Schedules
b) Specialized thematic
or school-within-a-school
High School schedules
Suitable for large high schools
Because of its size, several small schools are created
by clustering students, staff members, and a special
curriculum together.
For example, the theme of the American Justice Sytem
called Law and Order would have each subjects
designing curriculum around this theme . Social
studies (judicial system) science (forensic) math (using
statistic to solve crimes

Secondary School
Schedules

) Mosaic Schedules

st popular schedule design for secondary School

ed on the concept that students register for courses first and then
chedule is built that fits all their request.
esigned to allow the scheduling of a large number of student electives

) Computer Schedules
Save hours of clerical time.
Using software to plan master schedule
Easier to make adjustments
Very efficient when enrolment is high

Secondary School
Schedules

e) Block Schedules- Middle and High School

Features

Reduce the number of class changes that students must made

during any one school day

Reduce the number of student for whom he must prepare each day

Reduce the number of assignments, tests, and projects that students

must addressed at the same time.

Traditional Six Period Day

Per Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

Rotating Six Period Day-6 held

Per Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

2
3
4
5
1
6

3
4
5
1
2
6

4
5
1
2
3
6

5
1
2
3
4
6

Rotating Six Period Day-4 held

Per Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
6

2
3
5
4
6
1

3
5
6
4
1
2

5
6
1
4
2
3

6
1
2
4
3
5

Double Class-Four Day Schedule

Per Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
1
3
4
5
6

1
2
3
3
6
6

1
2
4
4
5
6

1
2
3
4
5
5

2
2
3
4
5
6

SEKI AN
TERIMA KASIH