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Face Recognition using

Artificial Neural Network


Prepared by
10BIT036

Facial Recognition System

Face Recognition is one of the biometric methods ,to identify given face image
using main feature of face.
One of the ways to do this is by comparing the selected facial features from the
image and a facial database.
Each human face has almost 80 nodal points which are used to distinguish one
person from the other.

Where it is used?
Airports and Railway Stations.
Government Offices.
Financial Institutions.
Stadiums.
To access Personal Information.
Business of all Kind.
Voters Verification.

Stages of Identification of
an Image
Accept/Project
Match/Non-match
Comparison
Extraction
Capture

Four Stages of Identification


Capture- Capture the behavioral sample.
Extract - Unique data is extracted from the sample
and a template is created.
Comparison- The template in the database is
compared with the new template.
Match/Non-match- The system decides whether the
new sample are matched or not.

How Facial Recognition


Works?

Neural Network Approach

Artificial Neural Network is an information processing paradigm that is


inspired by the way biological nervous system such as brain, process
information.
ANN like people, learn by example. They can therefore be trained with
known examples of a problem to acquire knowledge about it.
ANN processes information in parallel, at high speed, and in distributed
manner.
ANN are robust system and are fault tolerant. They can, therefore , recall
full patterns from incomplete, partial or noisy patterns.
ANN exhibits mapping capabilities , i.e. they can map input patterns to
their associated output patterns.

Architecture of Neural
Networks

ANN structure can be represented using a directed graph G(V,E) where


Vertices represent Neurons and Edges represent Synaptic Link. The edges
are labeled by the weights attached to the synaptic link.
Feed-forward Networks
Feed-forward ANN allow signals to travel one way only ; from input to
output. There is no feedback(loops). i.e. Output of any layer does not affect
that same layer .
Extensively used in pattern recognition.

Feedback Networks
Feedback networks can have signals travelling in both directions by
introducing loops in the network.
Feedback networks are very powerful and can get extremely
complicated.

Network Layers

ANN consists of three layers of units : input, hidden ,output.


The activity of the input units represents the raw information that is fed
into the network.
The activity of the hidden unit is determined by the activities of the input
units and the weight on the connections between the input and hidden
units.
The behaviour of the output units depends on the activity of the hidden
units and the weights between the hidden and output units.

Learning Methods

Popular learning methods are Supervised learning and Unsupervised


learning.
Supervised Learning: In supervised learning ,a teacher assumed to be present during the
learning process, i.e. the network aims to minimize the error between the
target(desired) output presented by the teacher and the computed output,
to achieve better performance.
Unsupervised learning: In unsupervised learning , there is no teacher present to hand over the
desired output and the network therefore tries to learn by itself, organizing
the input instances of the problem.

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