6.

0 Introduction
  6.1 Simple Bearings
  6.2  Selection of Bearing Types
  6.3 Bearing Life
  6.4 Bearing Load-Life Trade-Off at Constant 
  Reliability
6.5 Bearing Survival: The Reliability –Life Trade-off
  6.6 Load, Life, Reliability
 
 
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 Introduction
Bearing is a mechanical element that permits
relative motion between two parts, such as the shaft
and the housing, with minimum friction.
The function of bearing:
Ensure free rotation of the shaft or the axle with
minimum friction
Supports the shaft or the axle and holds in correct
position
Takes up the forces that act on the shaft and axle and
transmits them to the frame or the foundation.

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Type of rolling contact bearing

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Deep Groove Ball Bearing – most frequently used bearing and
found in almost all kind of products in general mechanical
engineering. Takes radial load as well as thrust load.
Filling Notch Ball Bearing – inner and outer rings enables a greater
number of balls to be inserted.
Angular Contact Bearing – provides a greater thrust capacity.
Double Row Bearing – made in a various types and sizes.
Ball Thrust Bearing - made in a various types and sizes.
External self aligning and Self-aligning Ball Bearing
Self-aligning Thrust Ball Bearing

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Type of roller bearings

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 Selection of Bearing
Type
The selection of the type of bearing in a particular
application depends upon the requirement of the
situation and the characteristics of different types of
bearings. The guidelines for selecting a proper type
of bearing are as follows:
For low and medium radial loads, ball bearings are used,
whereas for heavy loads and large shaft diameters, roller
bearings are selected.
Self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings are
used in applications where a misalignment between the axes
of shaft and housing is likely to exist.

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Thrust ball bearings are used for medium thrust loads
whereas for heavy thrust loads, cylindrical roller thrust
bearings are recommended. Double acting thrust bearings
can carry the thrust load in either direction.
Deep groove ball bearings, angular contact bearings and
spherical roller bearings are suitable in applications where
the load acting on the bearing consists of two components-
radial and thrust.
The maximum permissible speed of the shaft depends upon
the temperature rise in the bearing. For high speed
applications, deep groove ball bearings, angular contact
bearings and cylindrical roller bearings are recommended.

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Rigidity controls the selection of bearing in certain
applications like machine tool spindles. Double row
cylindrical roller bearings or taper roller bearings are used
under these conditions. The line of contact of these
bearings, as compared with the point of contact in ball
bearings, improves the rigidity of the system.
Noise becomes the criterion of selection in applications like
household appliances. Under these circumstances, deep
groove ball bearings are recommended.

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 Bearing Life
Number of revolutions of the inner ring (outer ring
stationary) until the first tangible evidence of fatigue
Number of hours of use at a standard angular speed until
the first tangible evidence of fatigue
The rating life is a term sanctioned by the AFBMA and used
by most manufacturers. The rating life of a group of
nominally identical ball or roller bearings is defined as the
number of revolutions (or hours at a constant speed) that
90 percent of a group of bearings will achieve or exceed
before the failure criterion develops.
The terms minimum life, L10 life, and B10 are used as
synonyms for rating life.

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 C10 (LRnR60)1/a  = FD(LDnD60)1/a  
Desired speed,
Catalog rating rpm
Rating life in hours Desired life, hours

Rating speed Desired radial load, kN

1
 LD nD 60  a
C10 = FD  
 LR nR 60 

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 Example 11-1
Consider SKF, which rates its bearings for 1
million revolutions, so that L10 life is 60LRnR =
106 revolutions. The 60LRnR product produces a
familiar number. Timken, for example, use
90(106) revolutions. If you desire a life of 5000 h
at 1725 rev/min with a load of 2 kN with a
reliability of 90 percent, for which catalog rating
would you search in SKF catalog?

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 Bearing Survival: Reliability vs
Life
If the life measured is expressed in
dimensionless form as x= L/L10.
Reliability,

  x−x  b

 
R = exp −  0
 
  θ − x0  
R = reliability
x = life measure dimensionless variate, L/L10
x0 = guaranteed or “minimum,” value of the variate

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 L
Design Life xD =
L10

1
 xD  a
C10 = FD  
1/ b  R ≥ 0.90
 x0 + (θ − x0 )(1 − RD ) 

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Work out Example 11-3
(page 558)

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 Exercise:
A certain application requires a ball bearing with the
inner ring rotating, with a design life of 30 000 h at a
speed of 300 rev/min. The radial load is 1.898 kN and
application factor of 1.2 is appropriate. The reliability
goal is 0.90. Find the multiple of rating life required,
XD, and the catalog rating C10 with which to enter a
bearing table. Choose a 02-series deep-groove ball
bearing from Table 11-2, and estimate the reliability
in use.
Answer: ..\Tutorial\SOLUTION EXERCISE 1_chapter 6.doc

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 ASSIGNMENT #2
..\Assignment\Assignment 2.doc

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 ~ END ~
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION.

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