BASIC FIRE

FIGHTING & SAFETY

FIRE
FIRE IS AN EXOTHERMIC
COMBUSTION REACTION
WHICH LIBERATES LARGE
AMOUNTS OF HEAT, SMOKE
& LIGHT AS MAIN PRODUCTS
OF COMBUSTION

WHAT IS FIRE ?
FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION OF 3 ELEMENTS
The Fire Triangle identifies the three components
of any Fire:

Fuel Paper, wood, flammable gas,

energized electrical equipment, etc...
Energy (Heat) Sufficient to support
combustion. Referred to as the ignition
source.
Oxidizer (Air)
If any one of these is missing, A fire cannot

Since it needs all three components to start a fire.

continue.
Fire Extinguishers remove one or more of the
components.
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Types of
Fire Class

Fire Type

Materials involved
Wood, paper, cloth, trash etc

General

Flammable
Liquids

Flammable solvents, liquids, Oils,

Greases, Paints etc

1. Electrical
2. Flammable
Gases

Energized electrical equipment

and All flammable gases

Metals

Water reactive Chemicals,

Combustible metals etc

FIRE FIGHTING METHODS

STARVATION

Elimination of FUEL

SMOTHERING Limitation of OXYGEN

COOLING

Removal of TEMPERATURE

POSSIBLE FIRE RISK IN OFFICE

PREMISES
Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload
Mal function of appliances leading to electrical fire
Carelessly discarded cigarette butts
Overheating of electrical appliances Electric Stove, Oven
Malfunction of AC
LPG leakage
Photocopier toner
UPS and EPABX battery

POSSIBLE FIRE RISK IN RESIDENCES

Electrical fire risk due to short circuit or overload

Mal function of appliances leading to fire

Carelessly discarded cigarette butts, aggarbatti

Overheating of electrical appliances

Malfunction of Air conditioners

LPG leakage, overheating of geysers

Storage of inflammable / combustible goods

Small mishaps in kitchens due to cooking OIL overheated

HOW TO ACT IN THE EVENT OF FIRE

Person Discovering Fire Please remain calm and do
the following:
Call your emergency number IMMEDIATELY. State your name
and give the exact location of the fire. If a phone is not available,
SHOUT FIRE . FIRE . FIRE.
If it is safe to do so, remain at the fire spot to direct the floor and
use available means to extinguish or contain the fire.
DO NOT ENTER A SMOKE FILLED AREA ALONE, or without
protection.
NEVER LET A FIRE GET BETWEEN YOU AND THE WAY OUT/
EXIT.
Always remain calm,
If it is necessary to leave the building, follow the exit signs, DO
NOT use elevator.
If fire is out of control then call fire brigade number.

FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA

WATER
COOLING
SMOTHERING
DILUTION

FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA

SAND
Absorbs Fuel
Smothers
BLANKETING
Jackets
Asbestos Blankets
BEATING OUT
Fire Beaters

FIRE FIGHTING MEDIA

Different Kinds of Portable Extinguishers
The 4 most common fire extinguishers:
All Purpose Water
Carbon Dioxide
Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical
Dry Powder
Each kind of extinguisher has a specific use

All Purpose Water

Use on CLASS A
fires
Pressurized water
Pressure gauge
present

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Black body (Old type) or red body
with black label (New type)
Best on Class B and C fires but safe
to use on any type of fire
Safe to use on fires involving
electricity
Extinguishes by reducing oxygen
levels and cooling

Multi-Purpose Dry Chemical (ABC)

Use on CLASS A,
CLASS B and
CLASS C fires
Fine powder under
pressure
Pressure gauge
present

Fire Extinguishers - Foam

Cream body (Old type) or Red
Body with Cream label
Suitable for Class A and B
Fires.
Not suitable for use on fires
involving electricity
Extinguishes by cooling and
sealing the surface of a
burning liquid

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

Blue body (Old type) or Red

body with blue label.
Best on Class B fires but safe
to use on any type of fire.
Works by chemically
interfering with the
combustion reaction

Fire Extinguishers - Blanket

Any colour body or label but they

are usually red or white
For use on any type of fire but
best on small contained class B
fires and people on fire.
Extinguishes by asphyxiating

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN

AND SEAL

CARRYING
HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
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Applications of Fire Extinguishers

Suitability of Extinguishers

Fire Class

Water

M/F

ABC

DCP

CO2

Sand

Class A

Class B

Class C

Class D

(Spl.

Grade)

Note: X- means can be used on Small surface fires.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER SUMMARY

EXTINGUISHER

WORKS AS

PRESSURIZED
WATER

COOLING

MECHANICAL
FOAM

BLANKETING

DRY CHEMICAL
POWDER

SMOTHERING

CARBON DIOXIDE

SMOTHERING

DRY SAND

BLANKETING

EFFECTIVE AGAINST

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Different Type of Fire Extinguishers

Sr.no

Type of fire
Extinguishers
Available

Used for class

ABC (Powder based)

All
Classes(Versatil
e)

DCP(Powder based)

B , C Classes

CO2 (Gas based)

B , C Classes &
Electrical Fire

WCO2 (Water
based)

A Class Only

AFFF (Foam based)

B Class Only

of Fire

In CBL
HO

P.A.S.S. Method

Pull the pin

This will allow you to
squeeze the handle in
order to discharge the
extinguisher

P.A.S.S. Method

Aim at the base

of the fire
Aiming at the middle will
do no good.
The agent will pass
through the flames.

P.A.S.S. Method

Squeeze the
handle
This will release the
pressurized
extinguishing
agent

P.A.S.S. Method
Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that is
on fire. Continue until fire
is extinguished.
Keep an eye on the area for
re-lighting.

How to use a Fire Extinguisher

Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher - P.A.S.S.

Pull the pin.

Aim the nozzle.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.

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RESPONSE AT FIRE SITUATION

Outdoor Fire

Indoor Fire
FUEL

X
IGNITION

AIR

FUEL

IGNITION

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AIR

FIRE EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Remember to RACE during a fire

R
A
C
E

Rescue rescue clients in immediate danger.

Alert Shout Fire! Fire! (or) Pull fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number.

Contain Close all doors and windows.

Extinguish/ Evacuate Extinguish small

fires, evacuate clients, if appropriate.

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IN CASE OF FIRE
RAISE AN ALARM
Switch off main power supply
Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher to put of FIRE
Leave the room, closing door behind you, using the nearest
FIRE EXIT

Use the STAIRS an move towards the ground Floor

Report to the Assembly Point at least 15 feet away from the
building.

Inform the Fire Brigade

IN CASE OF FIRE
DONTS
DO NOT PANIC
Dont try to use an Extinguisher if you do not know !!!
Do not use any Electrical / Electronic Equipments
Do not congest towards ONE EXIT only, use alternate EXIT
Do Not use LIFTS / Escalators etc
Do not Re-enter the building

FIREFIGHTING DECISION CRITERIA

Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.
Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use
them.
Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
Avoid smoky conditions.
Ensure area is evacuated.
Dont attempt to fight unless:
Alarm is sounded.
Fire is small and contained.
You have safe exit route (can be reached without exposure to
fire).
Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.
Evacuate! If in doubt.
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MOST IMPORTANT
Only fight a fire in the incipient stage
NEVER fight a fire if any of the following apply:
Dont have the proper extinguisher or equipment.
Fire has spread beyond its point of origin.
Your instincts tell you GET OUT

When NOT to Fight FIRE?

Remember to keep an exit to your back.

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Do not fight the fire if :

Extinguisher is not enough

Smoke is affecting your breathing
You cannot see the way out
Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved
Your efforts are not reducing the size of the
fire

FIRE INJURIES
there are 6 different types of burns
scald - caused by hot water, steam or food
or liquids

flame - caused when clothing ignites from

heat or open flame sources

 Contact - caused by touching hot surfaces

Chemical - caused by bleach, drain cleaner or other household

cleaning products

Electrical - caused by frayed electrical cords,

electrical outlets or high tension wires

It is important to treat your burn correctly, no

matter what degree it is
Cool the burned area with cool water for at
least 10 minutes
Seek medical treatment, if
necessary

Never put butter or ice on your burn

the doctor will give you something if
needed

 Stop where you

are

NEVER RUN!

 Drop to the ground, cover your face

with your hands, and

Roll back and forth until the flames are

out.

 If there is smoke, we should crawl low under

the smoke until we are outside.

 Before opening any doors, we should feel

them with the back of our hand. If it feels
hot, we should use our second exit.

 we leave our office, we should remember to close the

doors behind us to help slow the spread of smoke
and give us more time to escape.

 Sometimes the exit signs might not be red - but it

means the same thing.

 Look for exit signs in our office or public

buildings like restaurants, theaters, malls
and hotels.

 And sometimes the exit sign may have

an arrow on it - leading us to another
exit to the outside.

THANK YOU....