Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ARGUMENT AND
SYLLOGISMS
ARGUMENT
Contains a minimum of two
(2) statements:
Premise
Conclusion
ARGUMENT
Instances
of
reasoning
concerning
which
it
is
claimed
that
some
statement(s)
provides
evidence for truth of some
other statement
ARGUMENT:
DEDUC
INDUC
FUNDAMENTAL TYPES
TIVE
Conclusion
TIVE
Conclusion
from a
universalprop to
particularGeneral to
prop
Specific/
Particular
from a
particular
instance to
a universalSpecific/
prop
Particular to
General
SYLLOGISM
Deductive argument:
premises & 1 conclusion
Includes
propositions
categorical
- must be in standard-form
Connected thought
SYLLOGISM:
STANDARD
MajorFORM
Minor
Premise
Conclusio
Premise
n
SYLLOGISM:
All persons are
All
STANDARD
persons are intellectual
FORM
intellectual beings.
Plato
is
a
beings.
Plato
is
a
person.
person.
Therefore,
Plato is an
is
Therefore, Plato
intellectual
being.
intellectual
being.
Major
Premise
Minor
Premise
an
Conclusio
n
SYLLOGISM: TERMS
Major
Minor
Term
(P)
Middle
Term
(S)
Term (M)
SYLLOGISM: TERMS
SYLLOGISM: TERMS
Major Term
(P)
The predicate of the conclusion
SYLLOGISM: TERMS
Minor Term
(S)
The subject of the conclusion =
SYLLOGISM: TERMS
Middle Term
(M)
Found in both premises
VALIDITY AND
SOUNDNESS
CONTE
NT
Subject
matter of
an
argument
Structure/
pattern of
an
argument
FORM
VALIDITY
Analyse the form of the
argument
Concerns only the form, not
the content
SOUNDNESS
Only attributed to
deductive arguments
Valid argument that
contain only true premises
FIGURES OF
CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
SECOND FIGURE:
PRE-PRE
P M
S M
:.S P
FOURTH FIGURE:
PRE-SUB
P M
M S
:.S P
MOODS OF
CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
MOODS
Refers
to
the
different
arrangements of four types of
propositions
(A,
E,
I,
O)
Only 19 follow the rules of
correct deduction (VALID)
19
moods
from
mnemonic verses
the
FIRST FIGURE
BARBA
RA
CELAR
ENT
DARII
FERIO
SECOND FIGURE
CESAR
E
CAMES
TRES
FESTIN
O
BAROC
O
THIRD FIGURE
DARAP
TI
DISAMI
S
DATISI
FELAP
TON
BOCAR
DO
FERISO
N
FOURTH FIGURE
CAMEN FESAP
ES
O
DIMARI
FRESIS
S BRAMA
ON
NTIP