Structural Drawing

Chapter 19

Objectives

Create a structural truss or floor

plan drawing
Label and specify the size and
shape of steel structural members
Identify, draw, and label various
structural steel shapes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Objectives (cont.)

Identify, draw, and label highstrength bolts used in structural

joints
Identify welding symbols used in
steel fabrication of structural
components
Identify and read concrete and brick
construction details

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Drawings

Structural drawings include:

Foundation plans
Wall sections and framing details
Structural steel framing and details
Beam and column drawings and
details

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Wood Construction

Many different types of wood are used

as structural timber
The surface of a wood product is
finished by milling or planing

Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal

size is larger than dressed thickness
Symbols are used to indicate
requirements for finished surfaces on
wood

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Wood Joints

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Connector Designs

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel

Structural steel drawings are

ordinarily one of two types:

Engineering design drawings

Manufacturing (shop) drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel

Engineering design drawings show

the overall dimensions of the
structure including:

Locations of columns, beams, angles

and other shapes
Sizes of structural members
Detail in the form of cross sections,
special connections required, and notes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

10

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel

Shop drawings consist of detail

drawings of all parts of the entire
structure showing exactly how the
parts are to be made
These drawings show all
dimensions necessary for
fabrication, usually calculated to
the nearest 1/16

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

11

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Piece Marks

A system is used to mark each

piece that is separately handled
This mark is called a piece mark
and should be shown wherever the
member appears on the drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

12

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Piece Marks

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

13

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel Shapes

Structural steel is available in

many standard shapes
Most CAD programs have
structural shapes symbol libraries
available

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

14

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Steel Shapes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

15

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Erection Plans

Erection plans made by the steel

fabricator are assembly drawings
for the steel structure

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

16

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Erection
Plans

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

17

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Connections

Main members are joined together

in the field to build a structure and
most joints are welded connections
to the main members
Riveting is seldom used as a
connection but you may find
reference to riveted joints in
original plans

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

18

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Connections

AISC recommends certain standard

connections for attaching beams

You should know the strength of the

various connections and use them
only when they are sufficient

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

19

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Welding

Welding is a common method for

connecting steel members of
buildings and bridges

The fillet weld is the most common in

structural steel fabrication

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

20

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Welded Beam Detail

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

21

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

High-Strength Bolting for

Structural Joints

Two common
types of highstrength steel
bolts are ASTM
A325 and A490

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

22

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Accuracy in Dimensions

Incorrect dimensions on drawings

will result in serious errors and
misfits when members are
assembled in the field
Consider the effect of tolerance
stacking on the fit of steel
members

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

23

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Concrete Construction

Concrete is made by mixing sand,

gravel, or other aggregates with
Portland cement and water
Reinforced concrete has embedded
steel reinforcing bars
In prestressed concrete, the steel
is pretensioned before the
superimposed load is applied

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

24

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Reinforce
d
Concrete
Drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

25

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Structural Clay Products

Brick and tile are some of the best

known forms of building
construction
Traditionally they are built into
masonry forms and units are
placed one at a time in a soft
mortar

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

26

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Stone Construction

Natural stone is also used in

masonry construction, most
commonly for ornamental facing

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

27

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.

Laying and
Bonding Brick,
Tile and Stone

Technical Drawing 13th Edition

Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak,

28

2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ

07458.