SOLAS 1974

International Convention for the safety of

Life at Sea
Present form adopted by IMO on 1974 and
entered into force in 1980
Part

of IMOs main interest towards

SAFE, SECURE AND EFFICIENT SHIPPING
ON CLEANER OCEAN
SOLAS

1974 convention has been regularly

amended by means of resolutions by Marine
Safety Committee(MSC) or by conference of
SOLAS contracting Government.

SOLAS
Articles of International convention for Safety
of Life at Sea, 1974
13 Articles regarding obligation,
implementation of SOLAS requirements
through Contracting Governments.
Applicable only to ships
engaged in international voyages
Cargo ships above 500 GT

SOLAS

SOLAS
Types
of Certificates for Compliance of SOLAS
Passenger

Ship Safety Certificate for

passenger ships for compliance of Solas
Chapter II-1,II-2,III,IV and V
Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate
for all other ships for compliance of Solas
Chapt. II-1 and II-2
Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate for
cargo ships which comply with solas Chapt.
II-1,II-2,III and V
Cargo Ship Safety Radio certificate for cargo
ships for compliance of Chapt.IV of Solas.
All above certificates shall be supplemented

SOLAS
1974
SOLAS CHAPTER 1
Covers General Provisions like
Part A-Application, Definition, Exception
etc.
Part

B-Survey and certificates

Part

C- Casualities- related investigation

etc.

SOLAS
1974
Chapter II-1 covers the following
Part

A-General-application/ definition
Part A-1 Structure of the ships

Reg.3.1 Structural, Mech. & Elect.

Requirements
Reg.3.2 Corrosion Prevention of s/w Ballast
tanks
Reg3.3 Safe Access to tanker bows
Reg.3.4 Emergency towing arrangements on
tankers
Reg.3.5New installation materials containing
asbestos
Reg. 3.6 Access to and within spaces in

..SOLAS
1974
Chapter II-1 (Contd..)
Part B: Subdivision and stability
Applies to passenger ships and cargo ships
Total 25 Regulations covering
Construction including DB/ Bulkhead reqts.,
subdivision, stability, damage control ,
water tight integrity, bilge pumping
arrangements
Openings/ WT doors and their inspection

SOLAS
1974
Chapter II -1 (Contd..)
Part B-1: Subdivision and damage stability of
Cargo Ships
Part C:Machinery installations
Main and aux. machinery
Steering Gear
Machinery controls
Steam boilers
Air

pressure systems, Ventilation of mach.

Space
Alarms and communications

SOLAS 1974

Chapter II -1 (..Contd)
Part D: Electrical installation
Main and emergency source of electrical power
Supplementary em. Lighting for pass. Vessels
Starting arrangement for em. generator
Safety against shock, fire and other hazards
Part E: Additional Requirements of UMS ships
Includes i)Fire precautions ii)protection against
flooding iii) control on prop. Mach from bridge
iv) Alarm, safety and communication systems

SOLAS 1974

Chapter II-2: Construction-Fire protection,

detection and extinction
Part A- General, Definition, objectives etc.
Part B- Prevention of fire and explosion - potential
Part C- Suppression of Fire-detection, control smoke/fire,
FF, structural integrity

Part

D Escape : notification, Means of escape

Part E- Operational Requirements- Readiness, trg.
Drills, operations

Part

F Alternative design and arrangements

Part G- Special Requirements- Helicopter, IMDG

SOLAS 1974

Chapter III Life Saving appliances (LSA)and

arrangements
Part A- General- application, definition etc.
Part B- Requirements for ships for LSA
Section 1:Passenger ships and cargo ships
Section2: Add. requirements for passenger ships
Section 3: Add. Requirements for cargo ship
Section 4: LSA requirements as per code
Section 5: Miscellaneous- Training Manual,
Instructions for maintenance, Muster list and
emergency instruction

SOLAS
1974
Chapter IV Radio Communication
Part A: General.-Functional requirements
Part B Undertaking by contracting governments
Part C- Ship Requirements

SOLAS
1974
Chapter V- safety of Navigation
Requirements include bridge control, nav.
Warnings, use of Charts and Nav. Publications,
Bridge equipments, maintenance, records,
communication etc.
Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes
Part A: General Application, Stowage etc.
Part B: Special provision of bulk cargoes other than
Grain

Part C : Carriage of Grain

SOLAS
1974
Chapter VII Carriage of Dangerous Goods
Part A: Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged
form
Part A-1:Carriage of dangerous goods in solid bulk
Part B:Construction and equipment of ships
carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk.
Part C: Construction and equipment of ships
carrying liquefied gases in bulk.
Part D:Special requirements for the carriage of

packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium

and nuclear wastes.

SOLAS
1974
Chapter VIII- Nuclear ships- Requirements
Chapter IX- Management for the Safe Operation
of Ships ISM Code requirement and

certification
Chapter X Safety Measures for High Speed
Craft
Chapter XI-1- Special Measures to enhance
maritime Safety
-Enhanced surveys in bulk carriers and oil
tankers
-Ship identification Number
-PSC on operation requirements
-Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)

SOLAS 1974

Chapter XI -2 Special Measures to enhance

Maritime Security
-International Ship and Port Facility Security
(ISPS) Code- Application, requirements and
certification
Chapter XII :- Additional Safety Measures for Bulk
carriers
- Requirements for Structural, strength, damage
stability, loading and unloading , loading
instrument , water level detectors for cargo hold
and dry spaces etc

International Convention for

Ballast water Management
Thousands of Marine species such as
System

bacteria, microbes, algae etc are

transferred to new areas by ships water
ballast .
These transferred species may grow faster
in new environment affect/destroy the
marine life of the area
MEPC 55 (OCT. 2006) Guidelines:
Ballast Water Exchange Control Standards
Design to facilitate sediment control on
ships

International convention for

Anti -Fouling System
In

05.10.2001,IMO adopted resolution A928(22)

on international convention on control of
harmful antifouling systems on ships.
Entry into force 17.09.2008
Prohibit use of AFS containing TBT.(Organotin
Tributylin)
Applicable to ships above 400gt on Int. voyage
AFS require to protect bottom from fouling/sea
growth which is essential to maintain the speed.

COLREG
Convention in the international
Regulations for preventing Collisions at
Sea 1972
Adopted

by IMO on20.10.1972
Entered into force 15.07 1977
Rules of the road- to prevent collision
Part A general (rule 1-3)
Rule 1 Applicable to all sea going vessels.
Rule 2-Reg. Responsibility of master, crew
and owner
Rule 3-Definitions

COLREG
PARTB.Sect.1.Steering & Sailing (Rules 4
10)
Rule 4-Apply to any condition of visibility
Rule 5- Reg. maintaining look out watch
Rule 6 Reg. safe speed
Rule 7 Complete information shall be

available .
Rule 8 Reg. actions to be taken to avoid
collision
Rule 9 Reg. course on narrow channel
and to keep starboard side to the outer
limit of narrow channel.

COLREG
Section II- Conduct of vessel in Sight of one
another (Rules 11-18)

Rule 11- Reg sighting of another vessel

Rule12 Action to be taken when another
vessel approaches
Rule 13- Reg. overtaking
Rule 14 Reg head on situation
Rule 15- Reg. crossing situation
Rule 16- action to be taken by the give-way
v/l
Rule 17-Reg. action of the stand-on vessel
Rule 18- Reg. Resp. of vessels to keep out of

COLREG
Section III: Conduct of vessels in reduced
visibility

Rule 19- Reg. safe and reduced speed; use

of radar and fog horn and actions.
PART C: Lights and Shapes(Rules 20-31)
-Reg. power driven, towing, piloting etc.
PART D: Sound and Light Signals (Rules
32-37)
Reg. Whistle, bell, light signal etc.
PART E:Exemtions (Rule 38)
Colreg includes various Annexes (I to IV)

Convention for International

Loadline 1966

Adopted

by IMO on 05.04.1966 and

further amended by protocol 1988
All vessels above 24m length require
Loadline certificate
Loadline 1966- Annexes
Annex-1; Chapt.I General, definitions
Chapt.II Coditions of assignment of
freeboard
Chapt.III Freeboards
Chapt. IV: Sp. Requirements for timber
freeboards

Convention for International

Loadline 1966
Annex II- Covers Zones, areas and seasonal
periods.
Annex III contains certificates including
international loadline certificate
Loadline markings on shipside

PORT STATE CONTROL

PSC : the inspection of foreign ships in
national ports, to verify that the
condition of the ship and its equipment
comply with the requirements of
international regulations and the ship is
manned and operated in compliance
with these rules.
Various IMOs technical conventions
contain provisions for ship to be
examined by PSC at foreign ports to
ensure that they meet IMO
requirements.
Procedure for PSC as per IMO Resolution

PSC / FSI

PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTION

Primary Objective of PSC is to ensure that
Flag state is effectively control its fleet in
complying with
various IMO conventions( like SOLAS,
Marpol, Loadline, AFS, STCW),
Classification rules, etc.
ISM and ISPS code requirements
and to eliminate sub-standard ships.
Review appeal procedure available.

PORT STATE CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS

IMO encouraged establishment of

regional PSC organizations and MOU of
participating countries covering all
oceans to co-ordinate PSC inspections
effectively.
1.Europe & North Atlantic (Paris MOU)
2.Asia & Pacific (Tokyo MOU)
3.Black Sea Region (Black sea MOU)
4.Indian ocean MOU; 5.Riyadh MOU
6.Latin America (Vina Del Mar); 7.West &
Central Africa; 8.The Mediterranean
MOU; 9.Caribbean MOU; 10. US coast
Guard

PSC/FSI
Flag State Inspection (FSI)- Inspection carried
out by Flag Administration of its flagged
vessels
In India MMD carries out Flag state Inspection
for GOI.
Detention: During PSC/ FSI inspection if the
vessel was found with serious deficiency reg.
statutory or other compliance, the vessel may
be detained in that port. After clearance from
respective authority only vessel can move out.
Each detention is recorded and informed to all
and is a black mark for the vessel ,
Master/flag , class

NATURE OF DEFICIENCIES
1.Ships
(PSC) certification and
documentation.(0100)

-Valid class/statutory and other mandatory

documents

2.Crew certification(0200)- Appropriate

Competency, STCW, medical Certs

3.Crew Accommodation (0300)

Sanitation, cleanliness, ventilation, lighting,
medical

4.Food and catering (0400)- hygiene

5. Work spaces (0500) Ventilation
,lighting..

6.Life Saving Appliances (0600)condition/operation stowage/ familiarisation of

LSA items

NATURE OF DEFICIENCIES
(PSC)
8.Accident prevention (0800):-Personal
protection..

9. Safety in General (0900):-closing

devises, signs, plans, ladders, hull corrosion..

10.Alarm signals (1000): fire/ safety
alarms-identity, audibility.
11. Cargo (1100):Stowage, securing,
handling..
12.Load line (1200)-WT, freeboard,
loadline items..

13.Mooring arrangement (1300):

Anchor, rope, light

14.Propulsion & Auxiliary Machinery

(1400):
cleanliness, condition,
insulation, lighting, bilges..
15.Navigation (1500): condition,
familiarisation, availability

NATURE OF DEFICIENCIES
16.Radio
(PSC) (1600): availability,
familiarisation,..

17. Marpol Annex I (1700): Sopep,

ORBs, OWS-15ppm alarm, control,

ODMSC, SBT, Type approvals
18.Tankers (1800): segregation, cargo
area, pump room, handling, protection
19. Marpol Annex II(1900)- CRB, P&A
Manual, tank washing, handling,

20.Solas Operational defects(2000):

Muster list, communication ,drills, plans,
operations, manuals..

21.Marpol Operational
defect(2100): oily mix, cargo,
garbage ..

NATURE OF DEFICIENCIES
22.Marine pollution Annex III
(PSC)
(2200): IMDG.
23.Marpol Annex V (2300):
Playcard, GMP, GRB..
24.ISM

related deficiencies (2500):

Policy, DOC, SMC, documents, related

records
25.Bulk

Carriers Additional Safety

Measures (2600):
Bulkhead strength, cargo booklet,
loading instrument,

26.Other deficiencies (9900):

hazards to safety, health and
environment..

ACTION TAKEN CODES

Code 10 Deficiency rectified

12- All deficiency rectified
15- Rectify deficiency at next port
16- Rectify deficiency within 14 days
17 Rectify before departure
18- Rectify within 30 days
19- Rectify Major NC before departure
30- Grounds for detention
40- next port informed
95- Letter of warning issued
99- others (specify)

ISM CODE
ISM

Code: International Safety

management Code
SMS: Safety Management System
(Linking Shipping Company, master/crew
and the ship)
DOC: Document of Compliance
(Mandatory for any shipping Co. to ply
their ships)
SMC: Safety management
Certificate(Mandatory for any ships above
500 GT to ply)
DPA: Designated person ashore
(company) with direct access to top
management

ISM CODE
BACKGROUND
Previous ship accidents
Analysis found above 85% of accidents are
due to human error
Adopted by IMO through Resolution A740(I8)
and revised by Res.A.913(22)- ISM Code
Included in SOLAS Chapter IX
Applicable to all passenger ships/High Speed
crafts, all cargo vessels above 500 GT

ISM CODE
The purpose of this Code
is
to
provide
an
international standard for
the safe management
and operation of ships and
for pollution prevention.

ISM CODE- OBJECTIVES

To

ensure safety at sea

Prevention of Human injury / loss of life
Avoidance of damage to the environment
Avoidance to damage to property
OBJECTIVES ARE ACHIEVED BY:
Provide Safe practices in ship operation
Establish safeguards against all identified
risks
Assess all identified risks to its ships,
personnel and the environment & establish
appropriate safeguards
Continuously improve safety management
skills of personnel ashore and aboard ship

ISM Code- Functional

Requirements of SMS
A

Safety and Environment Protection Policy

Instruction

& Procedures to ensure safe

operation of Ships and protection of the
Environment in compliance with relevant
international & Flag state legislation
Defined level of authority and
Communication between shore & ship
personnel
Procedure for responding to emergency
situations
Procedure for reporting accidents and NCs
Procedure for internal audits and

ISM CODE CLAUSES IN BRIEF

PART A -IMPLEMENTATION
1. General , definitions, objectives,
application & functional Requirements.
2. Safety & Environment Protection Policy
3. Company Responsibility and Authority
4. Designated person (s).(+Qualification, trg,
experience)
5. Masters responsibility & Authority
6. Resources and Personnel
7. Development of Plans for Shipboard
Operations
8. Emergency Preparedness

ISM CODE CLAUSES IN BRIEF

9.Reports and analysis of Non Conformities,
Accidents and Hazardous Occurences
10.Maintenance of Ship and Equipments
11.Documentation
12. Company Verification, Review &
Evaluation
PART B: CERTIFICATION &
VERIFICATION
13. Certification and Periodical Verification
14.Interim certification
15.Verification

ISPS Code

International Ship and Port Facility

Security Code
BACKGROUND
oTerrorist attack on ships 1985/1989
oTerrorist attack on 11 /09/2001 in USA
oPiracy at sea
IMO adopted ISPS Code and included in SOLAS
Chapt. XI and made it mandatory on
All port facilities on international trade
All passenger/ HSC ships
All cargo ships above 500 GT on int. voyage
Coastal

ships as per requirements of

Administration

ISPS Code
ISPS

Code: International Ship & Port Facility

Security code
SSA : Ship Security Assessment
SSP: Ship Security Plan
CSO: Company Security Officer
SSO: Ship Security Officer
PFSO: Port Facility Security Officer
SSAS: Ship Security Alert System
AIS: Automatic Identification System

ISPS
CodeWhy
?
To detect and deter following threats to
International Trade
Terrorism
Piracy and armed robbery
Stowaways and illegal migrants
Drug smuggling
Theft and Criminal activities

ISPS Code- Objectives

To

establish an international framework

involving govts, security agencies, ports
and shipping companies to detect security
threats and to take preventive measures
To establish respective roles for govts,
port, sec. agencies etc. for ensuring
maritime security
To ensure efficient collection & exchange
of information
To place security procedures and plan to
react to various security levels and security
incidents
To ensure confidence and place maritime
security Measures

ISPS Code- Fundamental

Requirements
Gather , assess and exchange information reg.

security threats between govts/ agencies

Maintenance of communication protocols for ship
and port facility (PF)
Prevent unauthorised access to ship and PF
( control/ restrict access, mark restricted area)
Prevent introduction of weapons, incendiary
devices and explosives to ships and PF
Provide means for raising alarm in reaction to
security threats
Requirement of SSA/SSP and PFSA/PFSP
Requirement of training/ drills /exercises onboard.
Requirement of security equipments
onboard( pass, n.v.binoculars, ll mirrors, metal
detector, hb flash light)

ISO 9000
Quality Management System
(QMS)certification
Intended to improve Quality in product and
services
Intended improve customer satisfaction
Quality Policy, Internal audits and
Management Review
Procedures for consistent quality of product
and services
External audit and ISO 9000-2008
certification

STCW 1995
International Convention on Standards of
Training, Certification, and Watch-keeping for
Seafarers 1978 as amended in 1995.
Covers training requirement of various
category of Officers and crew including presea and post sea
Covers requirements of competence for
various ranks , certification and watch-keeping

IMO ,in its

meeting at
Manila , during
June 2010 has
amended the
STCW 95
And now known
as STCW 2010
and adopted on