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INRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS:
EPIDERMIS
1. The epidermis is composed of
stratified, squamous, keratinized
epithelium.
2. As cells move up to the surface of
the epidermis they lose water, and
their nuclei and change chemically,
process called keratinization.
Stratum Germinativum
This layer rests on the basement membrane. Its
lowermost layer of cells is called stratum basale.
2. This layer is the layer that produces new
epidermal cells by mitosis.
3. Melanocytes of this layer produce melanin. This
pigment is responsible for skin color and
protection from the harmful UV rays of the sun.
4. Dark-skinned individuals have more active
melanocytes.
5. Albinism is a genetic condition that results in the
absence of melanin.
1.
Dermis
1. Blood and lymph vessels, nerves, muscles, glands,
and hair follicles are found in the dermis.
2. It is divided into portion: the papillary potion
below the epidermis and the reticular portion
above the subcutaneous tissue.
3. The dermis is also called the corium or true skin
and is composed of dense connective tissue.
4. The subcutaneous tissue can be called the
hypodermis.
The Appendages of
the
Skin
Hair
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hair Growth
1.
2.
Hair growth begins with the cells deep in the hair follicle
at the hair bulb growing by mitosis and nourished by
blood vessels.
Hair grows in cycles and rests between cycles.
Nails
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hair Color
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hair Texture
1.
2.
Ringworm
Is caused by several species of fungus. Its
symptoms include itchy patchy scale-like lesions
with raised edges. Ringworm on the feet is called
athletes foot; in the groin area is called jock itch.
Ringworm of the scalp is called tinea capitus and is
most common in children. If untreated it can lead to
hair loss and secondary bacterial infections.
Psoriasis
It is characterized by red patches covered with
thick, dry, and silvery scales that develop from
excessive production of epithelial cells. These
patches can develop anywhere in the body.when the
scales are scraped away bleeding usually results.
Warts
Caused by papillomavirus. The virus causes
uncontrolled growth of epidermal tissue. The virus is
transmitted by direct contract with an infected
individual. The growth are usually begin and
disappear spontaneously. They can be removed
surgically or with topical application.
Cold sores
Also known as fever blisters, are caused by herpes
simplex virus. Initial infections show no symptoms
but the virus can remain dormant in the skin around
the mouth and in the mucous membrane of the
mouth. When activated it produces small, fluid-filled
blisters that can be both painful and irritating.
Stress seems to activate the virus.
Impetigo
A highly contagios skin disease caused by bacterium Staphylococcus
aureus. The skin erupts with small blisters containing pus that rupture
easily producing a honey color crust. The blisters usually develop on
the face and can spread.the bacteria are spread by direct contact and
enter the skin through abbrasions. Treatment includes cleansing with
antibacterial soaps and antibiotics.
Shingles
Caused by the herpes zoster or chicken pox virus that develops after
the childhood infection. The virus remain dormant within cranial or
spinal nerves. Trauma or stress somehow activates the virus to travel
through the nerve paths to the skin where it produces very painful,
vesicular skin eruptions. Treatment is symptomatic with lotions to
relieve itching and analgesics to control pain.
Vitiligo
An acquired skin disease resulting in irregular patches of skin of
various sizes completely lacking in any pigmentation. The
depigmented white patches are often located on exposed areas of
skin.
Step 3
Eat a healthy well-balanced diet. Foods that are
rich in antioxidants are good for your skin,
according to Georgia Health Info, but
consuming a lot of meat can contribute to
wrinkles. Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables,
nuts and fish. Remember to stay hydrated by
drinking plenty of water.
Step 4
Examine your entire body on a regular basis.
Check for abnormal growths, signs of skin
cancer, and anything else that looks out of the
ordinary in your skin. See a dermatologist right
away if you have an unusual sore that isn't
healing properly. You should also consult a
doctor about a mole that is larger than 1/4 of
Step 5
Avoid wearing things that are too tight
on your body. Pick shoes that fit your
feet properly, because a tight fit can
cause ingrown toenails that become
painful and infected. Clothes and
jewelry that are too constricting may
interfere with blood circulation. Don't
put rubber bands in your hair too
tightly, or they will break individual
strands of hair.
Step 6
Don't smoke cigarettes. Smoking causes
wrinkles and ages your skin. It
constricts blood vessels, which prevents
your integumentary system from getting
the nutrients it needs in order to be
healthy.