Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Transportation
By : Devanshu Gupta
Intern (Litigation Team)
Clasis Law
shipper/cargo-owner, the law should impose some minimum obligations upon the carrier.
Rules made on Freight rate ,General average Marine insurance ,Marine salvage ,
Maritime lien, Ship mortgage, Ship registration , Ship transport , Shipping, International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
Constructing Baselines
1. The Normal Rule
The normal baseline for
measuring the breadth of the
territorial sea is the low-water
line along the coast as shown by
the appropriate symmbols on
charts officialy recognized by
the coastal state (LOSC Art. 5)
2.Straight Baselines
Drawn not from the low water
line but from a series of artificial
lines
Article 192: General obligation. States have the obligation to protect and preserve
the marine environment.
Article 193 Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources. In
accordance with their duty to protect and preserve the marine environment.
Article 194 Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine
environment States shall take, individually or jointly as appropriate, all measures
consistent with this Convention that are necessary to prevent, reduce and control
pollution of the marine environment from any source.
Article 211 Pollution from vessels .States acting through the competent
international organization or general diplomatic conference shall establish
international rules and standards to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the
marine environment from vessels.
Sea Transportation
2.
3.
4.
Cont.
CONTENTS OF BILL OF
LADING
The bill of lading must include,
inter alia, the following
particulars:
(a)The general nature of the goods , the
number of packages and the weight of
the goods. All such particulars as
furnished by the shipper;
(b)the name and principal place of business
of the carrier;
(c)the name of the shipper;
(d)the port of loading and the date on which
the goods were taken over by the carrier
at the port of loading;
(e)the port of discharge;
Process
_______fills in the form and sends it to the ship, then the officer of
___________________
checks the goods and signs the Bill. The shipping
company sends the Bill of Lading to the __________or his__________. These
negotiable Bills of Lading are used for payment. They are passed on to
the _________or the ________________in the importing country. Then the
Bills of Lading together with other shipping documents are presented to
the ________________when the ships arrives. The shipping company
compares the negotiable Bills of lading with their copy on the ship. Then
the __________can obtain the goods from the ship.
(The shipper fills in the form and sends it to the ship, then the officer of the shipping company
checks the goods and signs the Bill. The shipping company sends the Bill of Lading to the
exporter or his bank. These negotiable Bills of Lading are used for payment. They are passed
on to the buyer or the exporters agents in the importing country. Then the Bills of Lading
together with other shipping documents are presented to the shipping company when the
ships arrives. The shipping company compares the negotiable Bills of lading with their copy
on the ship. Then the buyer can obtain the goods from the ship.)
Hamburg Rules
Titled UN Convention On Carriage
Of Goods by Sea 1978.
Intended to suspend Hague rules 1924
and Visby amendment 1968
Applies to all contract for carriage of
goods by sea between two states(Art.2)
Does not depend on BOL
Wider ambit was given.