FORESTRY CLASSIFICATION OF

BEIJING USING SUPERVISED &

UNSUPERVISED
CLASSIFICATION.
BY: MUHAMMAD USMAN FARID.

OUTLINE

Introduction

Site Area

Supervised Classification Map

Unsupervised Classification Map

Results

Conclusion

Advantages and Disadvantages

INTRODUCTION

For the completion of the course, I have selected the site Beijing and
its forestry land use classification.

As from the first glace of visual ground trooping we can say that,
Beijing is a green city.

Although for the representation of the forestry in the area, I have

used the ENVI 4.7 Software.

I have used the TM band Width 2 for to represent the site of forestry.

I used the Supervised and Unsupervised classification of site by

using ENVI 4.7 software.

SITE AREA

Beijing, formerly Romanized as Peking.

Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and
is the nation's political, cultural, and educational center.

The Ariel map of the city is as under.

Fig. 1; TM Map of Beijing

SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF BEIJING

Development of a classification scheme by selecting representative areas using

reference sources such as higher resolution.

Determine the number of cluster centers and initialize the cluster centers

Maximum likelihood supervised classification

MLC is performed according to the following steps

Display the three-band overlay composite image

Using box-cursor to choose representative training samples for each of the

desired classes from the color composite image.

Color-encode and show the classified image. Estimate the number of pixels and
area for each class and show the statistics for each class.

Supervised Classification Maximum

Likelihood Map

Figure 2. Maxlikelihood

UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF
BEIJING

Another broad of classification is unsupervised classification.

It doesnt require human to have the foreknowledge of the classes, and mainly
using some clustering algorithm to classify an image data.

The computer uses techniques to determine which pixels are related and groups
them into classes.

The two most frequently used algorithms are the K-mean and the ISODATA
clustering algorithm.

In general, both of them assign first an arbitrary initial cluster vector.

The ISODATA algorithm is similar to the k-means algorithm with the distinct
difference that the ISODATA algorithm allows for different number of clusters
while the k-means assumes that the number of clusters is known a priori.

UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION OF
BEIJING USING ISO-DATA AND K-MEANS

Figure 2;
ISO-DATA

Figure 3;
K-Means

RESULTS

The selection of suitable band combination is essential for SPOT 3 image for
visual interpretation.

The images of Beijing Forest Reserve and its surrounding area appear much better
after performed enhancement technique.

In this study, the band combination of 4-3-2 (Red-Green-Blue) was selected as the
best combination and later used for digital classification.

Meanwhile Forest appear more expanded compared to the unsupervised technique.

Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and the original mechanism of ISODATA

classifier in the unsupervised technique.

The vegetation mapping accuracy in both techniques referred to producers and

users accuracies.

CONCLUSION

The study on evaluation of accuracy from the supervised and unsupervised

techniques had produced a baseline for the Beijing Forestry.

Accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracies were less than 80% and
71% for unsupervised and supervised classifications, respectively.

The advantage of classification is obvious.

we can get the physical meaningful reflectance and their multivariate spreads.

We can know the estimate the area coverage by forestry.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERVISED

AND UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

Supervised classification

Disadvantages

The disadvantage of this approach is its computational cost, since performing wrapper
FSS is slow.

Unsupervised Classification

Disadvantages

As the analyst has little control over the groupings determined in unsupervised classification,
assigning those groupings to reset classes can be more difficult and complicated.

It should be noted, however, that in other situations where the final set of land cover classes
is more open to adjustment this disadvantage may not be an issue in the classification.

A fiction than the unsupervised method for similar reasons. The inherent disadvantages of
the unsupervised method are advantages of the supervised method, and vice versa.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SUPERVISED

AND UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

Supervised classification

Advantages

This image give us an visible picture by comparing both ground trooping and computer
generation.

Unsupervised Classification

Advantages

It might give us the image and classification of the site without inputting any ground
trooping data,

It will show the band representation with the three coordinator red, green and blue.

It will distinguish the cell pixel density.

THANK YOU