Project Management

By
Dr.S.N.Nandi
Ph. 9871323219

Projects definition and

significance

A Project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique

product or service (PMBOK,1996) OR . a unique outcome or
results (PM Network,1998)
They come in a myriad of types, sizes, and complexity-wedding
party,advertising campaign,BPR,Plant construction,etc
A Project contains Activities, Events and Objects
Break Points-Start and Finish

Project
Project: an organized undertaking

Master of Engineering Thesis Project

Finding a job
Building a porch
Buying a house

Design and manufacture a car (Large Program)

Put a man on the moon (Huge Program)

Project
Project management:
management: aa discipline
discipline
Art
Art and
and Science
Science

Project Types
1. Civil Engineering,
Construction,Petrochemical,Mining and
Quarrying
2. Manufacturing Projects
3. Management Projects
4. Research Projects

Project Types(1)
Many ways to classify Projects--Four Types
(Obeng,1994)
Fog- type:Not sure about what is to be achieved or how it
is to be carried out, e.g. Pure research or cultural change
Movie type :Though high level of certainty how the
project to be carried out but not what is to be be delivered
e.g.Film production or System development

Project Types(2)
Quest- type : high degree of certainty of what should be
done, but not sure of how to achieve it e.g. Product
development ,Business improvement
Painting by numbers-type :High degree of certainty
about what is to be done and how is to be done.e.g.
Engineering or Construction projects

Project Management-Definitions
Project Management refers to planning,execution and
control of activities required to achieve some set objectives
Project Management, as per PMBOK, is the application of
knowledge,skills, and techniques to project activities in
order to meet or exceed stakeholders needs and
expectations from a project.
Business Focused Project Management(BFPM) is the
application of project management to projects linked to the
organizations strategies in order to deliver the same
effectively.

Project Management
Project Management

Project Planning

Execution Management

Define objective
Define work/tasks
Identify resources
Plan schedule
Iterate
Plan modification

Get objective signed-off

Track plan progress
Communicate within team
Customer communications
Secure resources
Project discipline

Technical

People

Scope,
Scope, Resources,
Resources, Schedule
Schedule &
& Customers
Customers

PROJECT CYCLE
CONCEPTION

EVALUATION

IMPLEMENTATION

FORMULATION

APPRAISAL

NEGOTIATION & APPROVAL

Project Appraisal
Strategic Objectives
Appraisal(Proposals,Prioritization,Selection
and Project Portfolio )
Project Management

Project Objectives
1.

Specification, Performance and Quality

People

2. Budget

3.Time to Completion

Agencies Involved
1. Customers
2. Clients
3. Contractors/Sub-contractors
4. End-users

Project Organizations
1. Task Forces
2. Project Team
3. Matrix Organization

Path to objectives
1. Final Picture
2. Planning
3. Scheduling
4. Monitoring
5. Control

Planning Environment
Supporting
Services
Technical
Capability
Attitude and
culture

Communications
Planning and
Scheduling

Resources
and Capacity

Procedures
and Systems
Management
Skills

Organization
Structure

Mechanism of Planning
Define project objective
Define work breakdown structure (WBS)
Identify tasks and subtasks -- deliverables
Lowest element stand alone work package

Identify tasks relationship

Identify possible risks
Estimate work packages (people, time, etc.)
Create initial schedule
Iterate plan
Document

Project Planning Overview

Work
Breakdown
Structure

Logical
Network
Plan

Product
Anatomy

Estimation

Resource
Planning

Organic
Integration
Plan

Facilitating Processes

Time
Schedule

Budgeting

Integration
Plan

Risk Management

Project Planning Result

Project Planning Pre-conditions

Project
Breakdown
Structure

Work Breakdown Structure

Family Tree Hierarchy

Work Breakdown Structure

.
Work Breakdown Structure is a results-oriented family tree that
captures all the work of a project in an organized way. It is often
portrayed graphically as a hierarchical tree, however, it can also be a
tabular list of "element" categories and tasks or the indented task list
that appears in a Gantt chart schedule.

Purpose
Define the scope of work in the project.
Identify all included activities and basic
data on these, e.g. size and complexity.

Input & Output

INPUT

Detailed Requirements Specification

Project Breakdown Structure
Work Breakdown Structure from previous projects, if available
Know-how from experienced personnel

OUTPUT
Work Breakdown Structure
Planning Package Descriptions
These are used as input to Estimation.

Identifying the WBS

The Work Breakdown Structure is identified
by defining what activities are needed to
produce the Work Products, defined in the
Project Breakdown Structure, to the
required quality.

Creating a Work Breakdown Structure

Start with the Project Breakdown Structure (what to do)
Break down all Work Products in the PBS into corresponding activities
The
Project

Mgmnt
Products

Req.
Spec.

Define
PBS

Define
WBS

Estimate

Project
Plan

Create Calculate Review

Define Create
Create Create
Product Organic Logical Resource Time
Budget Project
Plan
Schedule
Plan
Anatomy Integra- Network
tion Plan
Plan
Negotiate
Resources

Numbering the Boxes

Each box in the WBS should have a unique
identification, i.e. a number.
Project

1.2

1.1

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4

1.2.5

1.2.6

1.2.7

1.2.8

1.2.7.1

1.2.9

1.2.10

Writing Planning Package Descriptions

For each lowest level activity write a Planning Package
Description containing the following data:

Name and unique identification (i.e. number) of the activity

Input (what is needed to perform the activity)
Output / Work Products
A short description of what to do
Size (1, 2, 3) (measure
in units like lines of code,
size of documents etc., not
in time required)
Complexity (1, 2, 3)
Other dependencies

Buy a House
ek 1
M T W T

ID
1

Task Name
BUY HOUSE

LOCATION

Determine location criteria

Visit key locations

FINANCING

Determine affordability

Assess Mortagg Provider

Secure Mortagg Commitmt

FIND HOUSE

10

Type of House

11

Find RealEstate Agent

12

Look for House

13

Make Offer, P&S Agreement

14

Closing

Week 2
S S M T W T

Week 3
S S M T W T

Week 4
S S M T W T

2/5
2/5

2/5

2/14
2/5

2/24

Simple
Simple Gantt
Gantt Chart
Chart View
View

Network Diagrams
TASK
1-criteria
2-visit loc.
3-affordability
4-mortgage co
5-mortg lock
6-type of hse
7-real est agent
8-look for hse
9-offer, P&S
10-closing

PREDECESSOR
3
1
3
4
1
2, 6
7
5, 8
9

1
6
2

7
8

Scheduling
SchedulingTechniques
Techniques
PERT
PERTProgram
ProgramEvaluation
Evaluationand
andReview
Reviewtechniques
techniques
CPM
CPMCritical
CriticalPath
PathMethod
Method

10

Summary
The Work Breakdown Structure is a tree structure
reflecting the activity structure on all levels of the
project, and a Planning Package Description for
each of the lowest level activities.
The Planning Package Descriptions will be used
as input to estimation where size, duration and
cost elements will be added to each Planning
Package.