Alexander Bells

Telephone

By: Mary Takla

Table Of Contents

What Is A Telephone ? .......................................................................................3

The Telephone Long Ago!.....................................................................................4
SENDING MASSAGES FROM LONG AGO....................................5
How Telegraph And The Telephone.........................6
Who Is Alexander Bell ?............................................................................................7
Hearing Aid....8
Why Was Alexander Bell Credited With Inventing The Telephone Instead Of
Gray ?.................................................................................................................................9
The Story Of How Bell Got The Idea Of The
Telephone..................................10
How Did Bell Got The Idea Of The Telephone?......................................................11
Bell Now Hs An
Assistant !.....................................................................................12
I am Only Two Hours Late!!!...................................................................................13
What Background Did Bell Have More Than Gray?................................................14
Another Thing That Prepared Bell For His Invention...15
Picture Of The Telephone.................................16
Who Got The Telephone Idea Into The World.....17
Telephone Lines Per 1000 People From 1990 And 2000........................18
What Impact Did The Telephone Have On Society?..............................................19
Business Life........20
Bibliography21
The End.22

What Is A Telephone ?
A telephone is a system which converts sound,
specifically the human sound, to electrical impulses
of various frequencies and then back to a tone that
sounds like the original voice. Here is how, the
speech is transmitted in a form of either modulated
electrical current propagating along conductors or
radio waves. The apparatus used for converting the
verbal sounds into electromagnetic signals and
vice versa is the telephone. Also, telephone is a
kind of telecommunication. Telecommunication
which permits people to carry direct conversations
over almost any distance.

The Telephone Long

Ago!
The invention of the telephone has made our
lives mush easier. Before the telephone was
invented people used to communicate by fire or a
torch . Native Americans actually developed a
more complex system of signaling also had their
limitation. People sometimes send massages
between places that were not too far apart by
using sounds but not like human voices ! For
example, African tribes used drums to
communicate.

SENDING MASSAGES FROM

LONG AGO
The common way of communicating was
by sending massages by foot. Then,
messengers started to use horses and get
the letters mush faster. In the nineteenthcentury the massage delivery system was
called Pony Express. It took about ten days
for the massage to get to the destination.

How Telegraph And The Telephone

From the humble original telephone a crude device consisting of
wooden stand, a funnel, a cup of acid, and some copper wire to the
modern day telephone, the device works pretty much the same. In
modern electrical transmitters, a thin plastic sheet (much like a
human eardrum the tympanum that works by the same principle )
is coated on one side with a conductive metallic coating. The
plastic separate that coating from another metallic electrode and
maintains an electric field between them. Vibrations caused by
speech produce fluctuations in the electrical field, which in turn
produce small variations in voltage. The voltages are amplified for
transmission over the telephone line. Simply put the modern day
telephone is an electrical instrument that carries and varies
electric current between two mechanical diaphragms. It duplicates
original sound from one diaphragm and transfers it to the other.
Simple, but at the same time profound in its impact.

Who Is Alexander Bell ?

Alexander Graham Bell is famous for his
telephone. He was born on march 3, 1847,
in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander was the
son of authorities in elocution and the
correction of speech. Educated to pursue a
career in the same specialty, his knowledge
of the nature of sound le him not only to
teach the deaf, but also to invent the
telephone.

Hearing Aid
Eighteenth-and 19th-century hearing aids had consisted
of various types of ear trumpets or horns that the partially
deaf or hard of hearing individual could use to magnify
sound .However, such devices were cumbersome, not very
portable and inefficient. Alexander Graham Bell(1847-1922)
sought to develop an electrical hearing aid. Also without
miniaturization and a reliable power supply, it was extremely
difficult to design a fully portable system suitable for the
individual. In 1923 the Marconi company introduced the
Otophone, using vacuum tubes to amplify the sound , with a
battery electrical supply. However, the system was hardly
convenient , although it was , strictly speaking, portable,
weighing some 16 pounds . By the 1930s,reducing the size
of electronic tubes and using smaller batteries, hearing aids
that weighed about 4 pounds or more were marketed
regularly. A. Edwin Stevens introduced one of the first
wearable hearing aids, weighing about 2.5 pounds, in 1935,
through the company Amplivox.

Why Was Alexander Bell Credited With

Inventing The Telephone Instead Of
Gray ?
Many inventors worked alone, misunderstood
earlier discoveries, or wasted time coming up with
results someone else had already achieved. For
instance, Alexander Graham Bell is credited with
inventing the telephone. On March 10, 1876 ,
using his new device , he uttered the famous
words to his assistant,Mr.Watson, come here, I
want to see you. He was not , however, the only
person exploring what would later be known as the
telephone. Indeed, he only got credited with
inventing it by hours, though others had achieved
what he had. For example, Elisha gray also filed a
patent application for a telephone only a few hours
after Bell.

The Story Of How Bell Got

The Idea Of The Telephone
The work by Bell of the telephone was inspired by an
earlier invention, dating back to 1860.A young high school
physics teacher in Frankfurt, Germany, Philipp Reis,
tinkered in the school workshop, attempting to develop an
electrical voice transmission system. He gave a lecture in
October 1861 at the local physics association on
telephony by means of the galvanic current. His sending
Device was a bladder over a wooden cask, and the receiver
was a needle inside a violin body. After publication of a
report on his lecture, he received requests for copies of the
instrument, and about a dozen were made in the shop of a
local Frankfurt workman. There remains a dispute as to
whether the Reis device could transmit a clear version of
the human voice.

How Did Bell Got The

Idea Of The Telephone
The Reis telephone was described in a
popular German magazine, and one copy of
the device was on display at Edinburgh
University. The Scottish-born Alexander
Graham Bell was studying at Edinburgh in
1862, and he became enthralled with the
concept that a device could be used to assist
the hearing-impaired. Bell visited Charles
Wheatstone (1802-1875), one of the inventors
of the telegraph , and discussed technical
advances that might applied to the telephone.

Bell Now Has An Assistant !

Moving to Boston, Bell engaged in
training teachers of the deaf, and his
future father-in-law, Gardiner
Hubbard(1822-1897),helped fund his
experiments with equipment. In 1874
Bell engaged an assistant, Thomas
Watson, and the two quietly tried to
perfect improvements to the Reis
device. In 1875,at the Smithsonian
Institution, Bell visited Joseph
Henry(1797-1878),another inventor of
the telegraph, who encouraged him to
continue his work.

I am Only Two Hours Late!!!

Hubbard filed Bells application for a patent for the
telephone on February 14 ,1876 (issued March 7,1876).Two
hours after Hubbard filed the bell application ,Elisha Gray
filed papers with the patent office indicating he had already
begun work on such a device and intended to file a patent,
only then discovering that the Bell documents had already
been deposited .On March 10,1876,Bell succeeded in
transmitting from the attic to the ground floor of his home a
line that later became famous Mr. Watson, please come
here ,I want you .Bell displayed his invention in 1876 at the
centennial exposition in Philadelphia, where it drew the
attention of the emperor of Brazil , Dom Pedro 2,and then the
attention of a wider public .

What Background Did Bell

Have More Than Gray?
Alexander Graham Bell wanted to invent a way of talking to his friends
without moving from his house .He first started of with two cups and a
string attached to it from the end of the two cups .He gave one of them to
his friend and one of them put the cup on his ear while the other one
talked .He talked and later discovered how it worked and that is how he
invented the telephone . As professor of vocal Physiology at Boston
University, Bell was engaged in training teachers in the art of instructing
deaf mutes how to speak ,and experimented with the Leon Scott in
phonautograph in recording the vibrations of speech .This apparatus
consists essentially of a thin membrane vibrated by the voice and carrying
a light stylus, which traces an adulatory line on a plate of smoked glass.
The line is a graphic representation of the vibrations of the membrane
and the waves of sound in the air This background prepared him for work
with sound and electricity.

Another Thing That Prepared Bell For

His Invention
Bells knowledge of acoustics (the study of sound)
that gave him the edge over Gray .Bell did know a
little about electricity, a necessary ingredient for a
telephone to work, but he knew a lot about acoustics.
Indeed, like Gray many other inventors working on
similar projects knew more about electricity than
acoustics which also translated into an inability to
bring the two disciplines together to create the
telephone.

Picture of The Telephone

Who Got The Telephone

Idea Into The World
The first real spat in the telephones
evolution occurred in 1729 when an English
chemist named Stephen Gray transmitted
electricity over 300 feet of wire. Later, in
1746 two Dutchmen developed a Leyden jar
for storing static electricity. It acted as a
battery to store energy, but the big drawback
was that it stored such a small amount of
electricity that it couldnt be used for any
practical purpose. But it was the start of
something bigger such as the telephone.

Telephone Lines Per 1000

People From 1990 And 2000

What Impact Did The

Telephone Have On Society?
Alexander Bells telephone impacted the American society
positively. The invention of the telephone transformed
communication technology by expanding interpersonal
communication. the telephone led to many great inventions.
with the telephone we could have fax machines, the internet,
Caller ID ,and even cell phones. With all the inventions that
came of the telephone , the internet s the finest. The internet
provides all possible combinations of data in the form of
sound, text, and images. The worlds greatest teachers are
available to interested students; medical specialists can view
patients from far and analyze their symptoms; business can
hold video conferences, thus eliminating the need to travel
farther than the nearest TV set. Now computers can check
how mush you have spent , your account balance, and even if
your business is worth keeping. You can be identified, ranked
and routed in only a few seconds without knowing it. The
invention of the telephone transfigured communication
technology by leading the path for future inventions.

Business Life
Telephone are not only used in the home life but also in
the business life . The business part of life is helped
greatly by the invention of the telephone . Most if not , all
business could not succeed without the telephone . The
telephone is used in the business word to tell people as far
away as other countries about the stock market or even
how their company vehicle are running . Out of all the
invention in the 1800s the telephone is the most important
and has changed our lives the most. Thanks to Alexander
Bell our lives have been made easier. Out of every
invention ever created the telephone is the greatest and
most useful ,and it will stay that way ever . The telephone
has helped the business world in a number of ways. for
example , instead of meeting face to face and making
appointments to meet someone a person can do everything
over the phone in an easier and much faster way . In a
stock exchange many people are seen with the telephone.

Bibliography

http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/ar
ticle/109-tables-and-characters/27542.html/
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/invention-of-the-t
elephone.html
http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/tele
phone.html
http://www.exampleessays.com
http://www.lotsofessays.com
http://www.loc.gov/rr/scritech/mysteries/telephon
e.html
A book by Tom Philbin named 100 Greatest
Inventions Of All Time

THE END