Wireless ISP

Infrastructure
MikroTik
Director - John Tully
CTO Arnis Riekstins
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

AP Platform
multiple radios per AP
Increase aggregate bandwidth using nonoverlapping frequencies
Re-use of network configurations such as
firewalls and users
Network services closest to the user
(PPPoE, DHCP, and PPTP)
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From AP directly to client

(no router on client site)
AP MAC registration table
Assign IP to MAC with ARP disabled
Restricted MAC level forwarding on
wireless network

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client

PPPoE access concentrator
Overview
AC configuration demonstration
Window XP client configuration demonstration
Encryption MPPE protocol, advantages in
wireless
Radius authentication
no engineer needed for account changes
automatic billing with legacy systems

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client

Bandwidth setting
Tx and rx settings allow you to simulate DSL offers
Address assignment

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client

PPTP
DHCP assigns private IP address
PPTP on Windows
PPTP clients available back to Windows 3.11
Radius authentication
Scripting to set bandwidth (in v2.6)
Demonstration of setup, server and client

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to

Client LAN
General description of client site router
Protects wireless network from hacking by
customers
Offer services to customers

Masqueraded address
Static NAT for servers

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to

Client LAN (cont)
Multiple client connected to same router
Per interface firewall
Multiple ethernet interfaces in client site router
Using a smart switch with router and VLAN
tags on a port basis (v2.6)
Using an ethernet bridge and PPPoE or PPTP

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to

Client LAN (cont)
MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol (M3P)
Wireless has high per packet overhead
Negotiating access to wireless medium
Acknowledgment and error correction
M3P packs small packets into a large wireless
MAC packet and increase throughput up to
four times (with 100 byte packets)
Automatically discovers other MikroTik routers
with this feature enabled
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to

Client LAN (cont)
Services to customers beyond an IP
gateway
DHCP
Special firewall configurations
Per IP address accounting (even on
masqueraded addresses)
Dedicated VPN tunnel between other offices
LAN bridge between other offices

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From AP to the backbone

Backup Links / Failover

OSPF
Tunnels over non-OSPF networks to OSPF
backbone networks

Increasing throughput
Aggregation of Interfaces multi-path routing
PPTP tunnel compression

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

From AP to the backbone (cont)

Types of backbone connections
additional point to point wireless 2.4GHz interfaces
using non-overlapping frequency or 5.8GHz
licensed frequency microwave systems
DSL connection from Telco
Lease line from Telco using v.35 HDLC or E1/T1
interface in AP
Use of HomePNA 14Mb/s interface up to 1.3km with
one twisted pair
Use of SDSL up to 2.3Mb/s and 5km (speed
decreases with distance)
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Bandwith shaping
problems when there is no shaping
users get high speed local services on a
"luck" basis
high paying users may get low quality service
when bandwidth is not managed
backbones to wireless may get overloaded

basic description of queues and function

where to put queues
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont)

simple queue and complex queue
configuration
boss at client site wants better quality for
himself
webserver and mail server may be specifically
shaped based on usage
varied IP subnets may be put into one group
with a certain allocation
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont)

scripting may be used to change the
bandwidth speed settings
for a day speed and night speed
tunnels linking enterprise networks may be
shaped and charged according to speed
for example, a VPN tunnel with ethernet
bridging between a company warehouse
LAN and main office LAN
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont)

DEMO CONFIGURATION AREA ON
ROUTER FOR SHAPING

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Interference and
antenna co-location

2.4GHz frequencies (three non-overlapping)

omni versus sectoral
building top antenna co-location
plan with barriers between antenna that have an
overlapping frequency
example, concrete structure such as elevator gear
box houses
mount on sides of building one floor or more below
roof top so that there is concrete separating the
antennas
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Interference and
antenna co-location (cont)
2.4GHz frequencies (three nonoverlapping)
omni versus sectoral
Reflections (plus and minus)

Signal may be reflected off another object to

make a connection when there is no line of
sight
Reflections may cause a direct signal to be
cancelled
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Interference and
antenna co-location (cont)
Interference may be mistaken for cabling
problems
Cable is too long (10m or less is suggested
for client site though locations close (less
than 2km) to the AP may have very long cable
Water may have gotten into the strands of the
cable (cable must be replaced)

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Interference and
antenna co-location (cont)
Grounding may be incorrect (if you see
small sparks when connecting cables)
Radio cable may be located to some high
voltage lines that can cause interference

11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Interference and
antenna co-location (cont)
change polarity of overlapping frequency
antennas for a 20dB drop
bandwidth test when installing antennas
small movements of the mount location may
make giant differences

using antenna diversity

radio power and amplifiers
11 May, 2002

MikroTik

Sample system design

Situation proposed by audience

11 May, 2002

MikroTik