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Introduction
Drilling Team
Drilling Rigs
Rig Power System
Hoisting System
Circulating System
PE3043-Page 1
Introduction
What we want to do is:
To make a hole!
But we have to make it economically and safely
PE3043-Page 2
Reading Assignment:
Chap1.
PE3043-Page 3
Introduction---contd
Rotary Rigs Actually Making Hole
For the week ending 16 August 2002
Country
United
States
Canada
This
Week
Last
Week
Last
Month
Last Year
853
219
854
191
859
266
1242
348
Introduction---contd
International Rotary Rigs Running
Monthly Average for June 2002
Region
Europe
Middle East
Africa
Latin America
Asia Pacific
Current
Month
87
201
54
Change From
Previous Month
-7
5
-4
216
172
16
0
US rig count
1600
1400
Rig Count
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Year
http://www.bakerhughes.com/investor/rig/excel/1987_2001_ANAVBYST.XLS
PE3043-Page 6
Rig Co un t
2500
2300
2100
1900
1700
1500
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
http://www.bakerhughes.com/investor/rig/
PE3043-Page 7
PE3043-Page 8
Drill at Sea
http://www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1998/jeff/datsea.html
Drilling crews have to operate through the depth of the sea water
column.
Climates & Environments
Corrosive to machines
Limited Storage space
Vessel dynamic positioning
And, $$$
PE3043-Page 9
Drilling Rigs
From Left to right, Land based oil exploration rig, Platform rig, Jackup rig, Semi-submersible, Drill ship and another deeper water Semisubmersible.
PE3043-Page 12
Jack-up Unit
A jack-up unit is a barge with legs that
can be lowered or raised. The barge is
towed to the drilling location with its
legs in the raised position. Once in
position, the legs are lowered. When they
reach the sea-bed, the barge's body is
hoisted above the water, creating a stable
drilling platform. The length of the legs
determines the depth of water in which a
jack-up barge can be used. They can
generally be used in up to 100 meters of
water. Jack-up barges are widely
employed in the relatively shallow waters
of the North Sea's Southern basin.
PE3043-Page 13
PE3043-Page 14
Drillship
PE3043-Page 16
Drillship
Drill ships have a broadly conventional ship's hull, but also
feature a large aperture, known as a "moon pool", through which
drilling takes place.
Either purpose built, or converted from some other use, drill
ships can be moved easily between locations. They can carry
large stocks of supplies, but are not as stable as semisubmersibles.
Drill ships use either anchors or dynamic positioning to
maintain station. The latest drill ships can operate in 1,500
meters of water.
PE3043-Page 17
Types
Common use
Capacity
Deep waters
Shallow
waters Swam
Deep waters
Shallow
waters
Swamps
Shallow or
Deep waters
Common
water depth
limits
4,000 feet
4,000 feet
350 feet
1,000 feet
PE3043-Page 18
Fig. 1.58
PE3043-Page 19
Fig. 1.63
PE3043-Page 20
---
http://www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1998/jeff/rotary.html
PE3043-Page 22
PE3043-Page 23
Power System
Hoisting System
Fluid Circulating System
Rotary System
Well Control System
Well Monitoring System
PE3043-Page 24
Fig. 1.4
PE3043-Page 25
Power System
Most rig power is consumed by the hoisting
and fluid circulating systems
Diesel-electric rigs
Generate electricity, through electric motors
Simple, flexible
Direct-drive rigs
Use gears, chains, belts, and clutches to
transmit power
PE3043-Page 26
Power Output
FL
p
t
F v
F (2rN )
( F r ) (2N )
T
PE3043-Page 27
Qi w f H
wf---Rate of fuel consumption
H---heating value
Overall power system efficiency is defined as:
Et
Qi
PE3043-Page 28
7.2
6.6
4.7
19,000
20,000
21,000
24,000
PE3043-Page 29
Example 1.1
A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf
at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel
consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the
output power and overall efficiency of the engine?
Solution:
mass v
1 hour
1695.4hp
PE3043-Page 31
0.234 23.4%
Qi 1695.4
PE3043-Page 32
Hoisting System
Derrick & Substructure
Block & Tackle
Drawworks
PE3043-Page 33
PE3043-Page 34
Making a Connection
Fig. 1.14
Mouse Hole
PE3043-Page 35
Making a connection---contd
Mouse Hole
Fig. 1.14
PE3043-Page 36
Making a Trip
Pulling out of the
hole
Rat Hole
Mouse Hole
Fig. 1.15
PE3043-Page 37
Making a Trip---contd
Fig. 1.15
PE3043-Page 38
PE3043-Page 39
PE3043-Page 40
PE3043-Page 41
Mechanical Advantage
W
M
Ff
PE3043-Page 42
M ideal
W
W
n
Ff W / n
PE3043-Page 43
Power Efficiency
If traveling block moves up/down L
distance, fast line reels nL distance
Thus, the input power: Pi F f (nL) F f v f
t
WL
Output power, or hook power: Ph
Wvb
t
Efficiency:
WL
Ph
W
t
E
F f (nL) F f n
Pi
t
PE3043-Page 44
Power Efficiency---contd
For a frictionless system:
nFf=W => E=1
Table 1.2
Number of Lines (n)
6
8
10
12
14
Efficiency (E)
0.874
0.841
0.810
0.770
0.740
PE3043-Page 45
W
Ff
En
PE3043-Page 46
Derrick Load
Fd W F f FS
W W
W
En n
1 E En
W
En
PE3043-Page 47
Leg Load
PE3043-Page 48
Fde
n4
W
n
Ed
Fd
Fde
1 E En
W
E (n 1) 1
En
E ( n 4)
n 4
W
n
PE3043-Page 49
Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The
drawworks can provide an input power to the
block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight
lines are strung between the crown block and
traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line when
upward motion is impending
2. The maximum hook horsepower available
3. The maximum hoisting speed
4. The actual derrick load
PE3043-Page 50
Solution:
1. The power efficiency: E=0.841 for n=8 (Table
1.2)
W
300,000
Ff
44,590 lb
E n 0.841 8
PE3043-Page 51
33,000 ft - lbf/min
420.5 hp
hp
Ph
vb
= 46.3 ft/min
W
300,000 lbf
To pull a 90-ft stand would require
L
90 ft
t
1.9 min
vb
46.3 ft/min
PE3043-Page 52
= 382,090 lbf
n
8
0.849 84.9%
Fde
450,000
PE3043-Page 53
Drawworks
The drum
Transmit the torque, store the drilling line
The brakes
Stop and sustain the great weights imposed when
lowering a string of pipe into the hole
The transmission
Change direction and speed of traveling block
The catheads
Assist in lifting or moving equipment on the rig floor
PE3043-Page 54
Drawworks
PE3043-Page 55