Chemical tankers course

Construction
Inert gas plant
Tanks cleaning
Hydraulic system
Cargo pumps
Tanks lp/hp
protection

Chemical Tankers Types

1. Type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17
of the IBC Code products with very severe environmental and safety
hazards which require maximum preventive measures to preclude an
escape of such cargo.
2. Type 2 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17
of the IBC Code products with appreciably severe environmental
and safety hazards which require significant preventive measures to
preclude an escape of such cargo.
3. Type 3 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17
of the IBC Code products with sufficiently severe environmental and
safety hazards which require a moderate degree of containment to
increase survival capability in a damaged condition.[2]

Cargo heating
Deck mounted cargo heaters eliminate the need for in-tank heating coils.
The cargo tank interior can be made with flush tank top free from coils,
brackets and clamps. A flush tank top facilitates quicker stripping with
less cargo remaining in the tank. The cargo tank washing can be
performed quicker, with less consumption of washing water and less
slop handling.

Cargo cooling
The Framo cargo cooling system enables chemical carriers to also
transport low-boiling-point cargoes and semi-gases. Cargoes such
as Propylene Oxide and Isoprene are often transported on board
chemical carriers which use cooling system to maintain a safe
cargo temperature

Cargo circulation
To prevent sediments settling on the tank-top during transport and to
maintain the liquid quality, a Framo diffusor can be installed on the
outlet of the dropline. During voyage cargo is circulated through the
diffusor by running the cargo pump at intervals.

Submerged ballast pumps

Installation of ballast pumps inside the double side ballast tanks in
combination with a submerged cargo pump in each cargo tank make the
pump room superfluous. This arrangement provides a safer ship design
and make more space available for carrying cargo. Submerged ballast
pumps have become the standard arrangement in modern tankers and
FPSOs.

Stainless steel chemical tankers

The stainless steel chemical tanker fleet comprises the most sophisticated
tankers sailing on the high seas. These ships are constructed with
stainless steel cargo tanks, a fully segregated cargo pumping
arrangement and designed to carry the most aggressive, corrosive or
volatile liquids.

Chemical/product oil tankers

Most of the worlds production of vegetable oils, commodity
chemicals and refined petroleum products are transported on a large
fleet of modern chemical/product tankers. Typically designed with
coated cargo tanks, six to eight cargo segregations, no pump room,
submerged ballast pumps, in-tank cargo pumps and deck mounted
cargo heaters

OBO carriers
A one-pump-per-hold system that is easy to operate and clean has been
specially designed for combination vessels that are alternating between
wet and dry cargoes. The cargo pumps are installed in protective
enclosed corrugations between the holds. Cargo piping and cargo
heaters are located on deck.

Floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO)

FPSOs require the highest standards for safety and operation
regularity. A reliable and redundant cargo offloading system is essential.

Inert Gas Properties

(By ship IGG)

Preko kotla
(by Boiler)

N2

99.99 %

85 86 %

CO2

1 ppm

14 15 %

CO

1 ppm

0.1 0.3 %

O2

1 8 ppm

0.1 0.5 %

SO2

20 ppm

H2O

5 ppm

0.015 gr/nm3

rosite

- 70 oC

50 55 oC

SASTAV
(Composition)

Duik (N2)

Deck view on ch. Tanker type I

P-v brakers (safety valves)
High purity Nitrogen
tank

Pranje tankova i zadravanje ostataka

1. Predpranje (morem na min 20

vie puta ako

treba ili slatkom vodom za neke terete ide na kraj)

2. Pranje (morem ili sl.vodom i kemikalijama izbor

prema teretu)

3. Ispiranje (more ili slatka voda toplo ili hladno)

4. Ispiranje slatkom vodom
5. Propuhivanje parom (toluen + inertni plin +
ispiranje slatkom vodom za neke terete, npr. alkohol.
Test na CH, soli i permanganate)

6. Iscjeivanje (ejektori ili dr. samosisne ili centr.

p/p, ili suhi zrak, ili inertni plin pod tlakom)

7. Posuivanje (tankova, cjevovoda, pumpi - suhi

zrak, ili inertni plin pod tlakom)

Cargo Tank Washing and residues retention

1. Prewash (with sea water - min. temp. of 20 o C several times if
required or with fresh water for some cargoes prewash residues must
be disharged ashore)

2. Main wash (with sea water or s.w. with chemicals choice of

chemical depends of cargo)

3. Rinseing (with cold or warm s.w. or f.w.)

4. Fresh Water Rinsing (for cargo tank protection)
5. Steam Purging (toluen + inert gas + f.w. rinsing for some cargo like
alcohol. Obligatory test for CH, salts and permanganates)

6. Stripping (centr. pumps, ejektors or others selfpriming pumps or dry air

or inert gas under pressure)

7. Drying (tanks, pipelines, pumps with dry air or inert gas under
pressure)

Stripping povijest (history)

The view of cargo tank

washing machine driving
mechanisam driven by
cold or warm fresh or sea
water with addition of
chemichals (depends of
cargo residues)
Driving mechanisam

The fast connection

for f.w. or s.w.
connection

Tank washing
connection

3 osnovne grupe tereta

ivotinjska i biljna ulja i masti

(pranje NaOH
ili KOH tankovi od SS ili EP obavezno ispiranje toplom
vodom)

Mineralna

ulja

(mjeavina vode, deterenta,

emulgatora i sintetikih sapuna, nekad kao dodatak i bazni
benzin obavezno ispiranje vodom zbog CH)

Petrokemijski proizvodi i druge otopine

(kod tereta s niskim rositem isparavanjem / kod tereta s
rositem preko 100oC pom. petrokemijskih solvenata, tople
vode i pare)

3 Main Cargo Groups

Animal and vegetable oils and fats

(washing
with NaOH or KOH SS tanks or EP (epoxy coated) mandatory rinse with warm water)

Mineral oils (washing with a mixture of water,

detergents, emulsifiers and synthetic soap, sometimes a
supplement of base gasoline should be used FW rinsing
is obligatory because of HC

Petrochemical
solutions (for a

products

and

other

cargoes with a low dew point evaporation - cargoes with a dew point over 100 C should
be washed with petrochemical solvents, hot water and
steam)

Grijanje
(Heating)

Recirkulacija
(Recirculation)

Hlaenje
(Cooling)

VANO !

Tank je opasan i nekoliko sati (dana) nakon pranja

Check lista prije ulaza u tank
Dodavanje aditiva-emulgatora za lake pranje i
odravanje kvalitete tereta
Paziti na kompatibilnost aditiva, te materijala
tankova i opreme s kemikalijama
Balastiranje zabranjeno kod nekih tereta dok se
kompletno ne iskrca tank tereta s kojim je balastni
tank u dodiru (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, i sl)
Odlaganje ostataka u slop-ove (3 stupnja)
Fenol zahtijeva konstantnu temp. Od 45-55 (uz
aditiv do 60oC) konstantna recirkulacija i ne
prekidati iskrcaj (nitko na brod i nitko s broda)

IMPORTANT !

Cargo tank is dangerous several hours (days) after washing

Before cargo tank entering the check list is obligatory signed
by officer in charge
The aditives emulgators are added into cargoes for easiest
washing and cargo quality remaining
Pay attention on Cargo tanks matherials and other equipment
compatibilities with additives
The ballasting of ballast tank which is in border with cargo tank
is forbiden in the case of higly reactive cargo with sea water
(H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, etc.)
Cargo tank washing residues must be transfered to sloop tanks
(3 stupnja)
Fenol (for example) requires the constant temperatures of 45-55
(60oC if additive is added) constant recirculation during
unloading and discharging must not be interupted

Sustav hidraulike
(Hydraulic System)

Pumpe hidraulike (Hydro_pumps - Power

Pack) driven by el. motor or diesel motor
Razvod na pumpe tereta i ostale ureaje
(Hydraulic oil distribution to cargo pumps
and other hydraulic equipment)
Tlani cjevovod (Pressure Pipes - 200 bar)
Povratni vod (Return Pipes - cca. 3 bar)
Power Pack qapacity determine the total
unloading capacity rate

Daljinska kontrola

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Oil tank
Oil Filter
Oil Cooler
Hydraulic Pump
Pressure regulating valve
Submersible centrifugal
pump (hydraulicaly driven)
Pumps pressure regulator
(rpm regulator)
CCR Control Panel
Pressure Sensor
Pressure regulating valve
servo motor
Electronic control unit
Emergency Portable Pump
Low pressure pipe
connection
Portable pump control unit
Discharge pipeline

Pumpe tereta
(Cargo pumps)

Jednostepene ili viestepene single

or multistages
Uronjena pumpa s dugom osovinom
(deepwell pump) el. mot. or
hydromotor on the deck connected
with the pump w. long shaft
(submersiblle) hydromotor or el.
motor together with the pump into
tank
Prijenosna uronjena pumpa portable
submersible pump

Ceramical sleeve

Cijev izlaza tereta iz

linije tereta
Stripping line

Manometar

Propuhivanje koferdama
Cofferdam puging

Propuhivanje linije
tereta
Main cargo line
purging
Cijev za regulaciju tlaka
(broja okretaja pumpe) spoj
s kontrolnom kabinom
Pipe for remote control
connected w. CCR

Drenaa manifolda

Suhi zrak ili duik na pumpu

Pilot-operated is
used on any types of
tanks
Spring-loaded is
used on tanks type
C (under pressure)