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  • Hormone 1

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    IMDCBiochem
    201 Ansichten14 Seiten
    The endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones into the bloodstream, while the nervous system handles short-term crisis responses. Hormones are chemical messengers that alter the activity of tissues and organs by binding to target cell receptors. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through negative feedback loops, where the secretion of hormones is turned on or off based on physiological changes. Key functions include controlling movement, equilibrium, and feedback regulation of hormone secretion through receptor numbers and metabolic clearance rates.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    ENDOCINE SYSTEM.INTRODUCTION. 1ST LECTURE 2ND YEAR M B B S. BY DR MOHAMMAD WASEEM KAUSAR.

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    The endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones into the bloodstream, while the nervous system handles short-term crisis responses. Hormones are chemical messengers that alter the activity of tissues and organs by binding to target cell receptors. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through negative feedback loops, where the secretion of hormones is turned on or off based on physiological changes. Key functions include controlling movement, equilibrium, and feedback regulation of hormone secretion through receptor numbers and metabolic clearance rates.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    201 Ansichten14 Seiten

    Hormone 1

    Hochgeladen von

    IMDCBiochem
    The endocrine system regulates long-term metabolic processes through the release of hormones into the bloodstream, while the nervous system handles short-term crisis responses. Hormones are chemical messengers that alter the activity of tissues and organs by binding to target cell receptors. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis through negative feedback loops, where the secretion of hormones is turned on or off based on physiological changes. Key functions include controlling movement, equilibrium, and feedback regulation of hormone secretion through receptor numbers and metabolic clearance rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PPTX herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 14

    The Endocrine

    System
    Fig u re 1 8 . 1
    Introduction
    • Multicellular organism- threatens to
    disrupt Homeostatic condition
    • Integration & co-ordination of
    differentiated cell functions
    requires intercellular
    communication
    • Two types of chemical
    messengers
    • Neurotransmitters
    • Hormones
    Endocrine versus Nervous
    system
    • Nervous system performs short term
    crisis management
    • Endocrine system regulates long term
    ongoing metabolic
    • Endocrine communication is carried out
    by endocrine cells releasing hormones
    – Alter metabolic activities of tissues and
    organs
    – Target cells
    • Paracrine communication involves
    chemical messengers between cells
    within one tissue
    Functions of the Endocrine
    System
    • Controls the processes involved in
    movement and physiological
    equilibrium
    • Includes all tissues or glands that
    secrete hormones into the blood
    • Secretion of most hormones is
    regulated by a negative feedback
    system
    • The number of receptors for a
    specific hormone can be altered to
    meet the body’s demand
    Receptor structure
    Negative Feedback
    • Negative feedback is the primary
    mechanism through which your
    endocrine system maintains
    homeostasis
    • Secretion of a specific hormone s
    turned on or off by specific
    physiological changes (similar to a
    thermostat)
    • EXAMPLE: plasma glucose levels
    and insulin response
    Feedback control of Endocrine
    Secretion
    Feedback control of Endocrine
    Secretion

    Fig u re
    Number of Receptors
    • Down-regulation: is the decrease of
    hormone receptors which
    decreases the sensitivity to that
    hormone
    • Up-regulation: is the increase in the
    number of receptors which causes
    the cell to be more sensitive to a
    particular hormone
    Metabolic clearance rate (MCR)
    • Defines the quantitative removal of
    hormone from plasma
    • The bulk of hormone is cleared by liver
    and kidneys
    • Only a small fraction is removed by
    target tissue
    – protein and amine hormones bind to
    receptors and are internalized and
    degraded
    – Steroid and thyroid hormones are
    degraded after hormone-receptor
    complex binds to nuclear chromatin
    • 99% of excreted hormone is degraded
    or conjugated by Phase I and Phase II
    enzyme systems
    MCR of some hormones
    Hormone Half - life

    Amines 2-3 min

    Thyroid hormones: T4 6.7 days


    0.75 days
    T3
    Polypeptides 4-40 min

    Proteins 15-170 min

    Steroids 4-120 min


    Hormones
    • Greek word ‘hormacin’ to exite.
    (misnomer)
    • Paracine
    • Autocrine
    • Hormones can be
    • Freely circulating
    • Rapidly removed from bloodstream
    • Bound to transport proteins
    A Structural Classification of Hormones

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