PC Organization

Prepared By :--

Patiala .

SANDEEP SHARMA
Ms. HEMINDER KAUR
Thapar Polytechnic

06/29/15

CHAPTERS
Review(486,Pentium)
Hardware Organisation of PC
Bus Standards and Architectures
Interface Standards

CHAPTERS
The Basic I/O System
Introduction to RISC processors
Bus Architecture and MINI Computers
Architecture of Multiprocessor
System

REVIEW
486
PENTIUM MMX
PENTIUM II

486 DX/DX2/DX4
with UMC 8880
motherboard feature

80486 is sort of an
upgraded 386. It combines
a tuned up 386 with two
chips that speed up a 386
system : the 385 cache
controller and 387 numeric
coprocessor.

Silent Features
CPU : 80486SX/DX/DX2/S-Series
COPROCESSOR included in
80486DX
SPEED : 25/ 33 / 40 / 50 MHZ

Silent Features
SPEED : 20-33 MHz PCI BUS
speed
SPEED : 8 MHz (programmable)
AT Bus speed
SPEED : H/w and S/w speed
switchable function

Silent Features
DRAM Memory : 2 banks 72 pins
SIMM
Cache Memory : 8 KB included in
80486
128/256/512 cache on board

Silent Features
SHADOW RAM : Main BIOS &
Video BIOS Shadow function
programmable.

237 pins

BLOCK DIAGRAM
AT Bus
80486

UM8881F
PCI Bus

OSC

Clock
Buffer 1

Clock
Buffer 2

BIOS ROM
CTRL Buffer

UM886AF
DATA Buffer
Cache SRAM
Memory DRAM

IDE

486 DX(motherboard)
PREFACE :
The System motherboard is a 128 KB
- 512 cache 486 DX series PC/AT
compatible with ISA bus , PCI
( Peripheral Component
Interconnect ) bus.

KEY FEATURES
80486 based PC/AT compatible
mainboard with ISA and PCI
bus.
Support 3 Master PCI bus slots

KEY FEATURES
Supports 486 DX/DX2/SX/Sseries/Overdrive/P24D/P24T/DX4
5X 86 running at 25 -133 MHz.
Supports true Green Function

KEY FEATURES
Support INTEL , AMD , Cyrix and
UMC CPU.
Support 237 pin(SOCKET 3) ZIF
white socket on board

KEY FEATURES
Support 128/256/512 kb / 2nd
cache memory operated in BURST
mode
Write-Back cache operation
Supports 2-128 Mb DRAM
memory on board

KEY FEATURES
Supports 2 channels Enhance PCI
IDE ports for 4 IDE Devices
Supports 2xCOM(16550) ports ,
1xLPT port , 1 Floppy port.

KEY FEATURES
Supports shadow RAM for BIOS
& VIDEO BIOS.
Supports shadow RAM
cacheable function to improve
performance
Support h/w & s/w speed change
function

KEY FEATURES
AWARD BIOS.
Baby AT size with 4 AT slots and
3 PCI slots.

PENTIUM MMX
ONWARD VOLTAGE
COMPARISON

CPU

Internal
voltage

Pentium
MMX

2.8 volt

Cyrix
686

2.8volt

Pentium II
Klamath

2.8volt

I/O
voltage
3.3volt
3.3volt
3.3volt

CPU

Internal
voltage

I/O
voltage

Pentium
II & III

2.0 volt

3.3volt

Pentium
III
Camine

1.6 volt

3.3 volt

PENTIUM MMX

The Pentium II processor

incorporates Intel MMX
technologyIntels most
significant enhancement to the
Intel architecture in the last 10
years.

MMX technology improves

Video compression
/decompression
Image manipulation
Encryption and I/O processing

all of which are used in a variety of

todays office suites and advanced
business media, communications
and Internet capabilities.

How It Works:
Single Instruction, Multiple Data
(SIMD) Technique
Today's multimedia and

communication applications often

use repetitive loops that, while
occupying 10 percent or less of
the overall application code,

can account for up to 90 percent

of the execution time.
A process called Single
Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)

enables one instruction to perform

the same function on multiple
pieces of data, similar to a drill
sergeant telling an entire platoon,

"About face," rather than

addressing each soldier one at a
time. SIMD allows the chip to
reduce compute-intensive loops

common with video, audio,

graphics and animation.

New Instructions
Intel engineers have also added 57
powerful new instructions
specifically designed to
manipulate and process video,
audio and graphical data more
efficiently.

These instructions are oriented to

the highly parallel, repetitive
sequences often found in
multimedia operations.

While the Pentium II processor's

MMX technology is binary
compatible with that used in the
Pentium processor with MMX

technology, it is also combined

synergistically with the Pentium II
processor's advanced core
architecture.

Powerful MMX technology

instructions take full advantage of
the efficient processing
techniques of Dynamic

Executiondelivering the best in

media and communications
capabilities.

Additional Product Features

Dual Independent Bus architecture
Dynamic Execution
Single Edge Contact (S.E.C.)
cartridge

PENTIUM II

The second 6th generation CPU

was Intel's Pentium II from 1997.
Pentium II L2 cache out of chip
The SEC module L2 cache speeds
compared

CPU
300 MHz
L I CACHE
32 MB

150 MHz

L 2 CACHE
572 MB
66
MHz

MOTHERBOARD WITH SYSTEM MEMORY

(128 M B RAM)

Pentium II
Pentium Pro "Klamath" was the
code name for Intel's top
processor. It ended up as a
partially reduced and partially

improved Pentium Pro model.

Introduced May 7, 1997, the
construction of Pentium II was a little
controversial. The features

include:
A CPU mounted together with 512
KB L2 in a SECC (Single Edge
Contact Cartridge) module

Connection to the motherboard

using the slot one connector and
the P6 GTL+ bus.
MMX instructions.
Improved 16 bit program
execution (joy for Windows 3.11
users).

 Doubled and improved L1 cache

(16 KB + 16 KB).
New increased internal speed:
from 233 MHz to 300 MHz (later

version much higher).

L2 cache working at half CPU
speed.
L2 cache out of chip

The most interesting change was

the separation of CPU and L2
cache. Intel found it too costly to
combine them in one chip as in

Pentium Pro. To facilitate mass

production, cache RAM of a
different brand (Toshiba) was
used.

The cache RAM is marked 7 ns

allowing a clock frequency of
maximum 150 MHz.
The SEC module
Pentium II is a large rectangular

plastic box, which contains the

CPU and cache. There is also a
small controller (S82459AB) and a
well dimensioned cooling fan.

All are mounted on a card. This

card with chips weighs about 380
g (13 ounces). It fits in a new 242
pin Single Edge Connector on the

motherboard.
With the new design, the L2 cache
has its own bus. It runs at half the
CPU speed, like 133 MHz or 150

MHz. This is clearly a

retrogression from the Pentium
Pro, which can run at 200 MHz
between the CPU and L2 cache.

It is countered by the improved L1

cache, which really zips along!
Here we see a comparison in next
slide

Processor

L1

L2

transfer clock
rate

speed

L3
transfer
rate

PENTIUM

777

66

67

200

Mb/sec

MHz

MB/sec

PENTIUM

790

200

316

1175

133

221

MMX
PENTIUM II